Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia
Principality of Galicia–Volhynia (1199–1253) Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia (1253–1349) | |||||||||||||
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| 1199–1349 | |||||||||||||
Map of the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia in the 13th/14th century. | |||||||||||||
| Status | Principality (until 1253) Kingdom (after 1253) Vassal state of the Golden Horde (from 1246 to 1253) | ||||||||||||
| Capital | 49°54′19″N 24°58′0″E / 49.90528°N 24.96667°E | ||||||||||||
| Common languages | Old East Slavic | ||||||||||||
| Religion | Eastern Orthodoxy | ||||||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||||||
| Prince, later King | |||||||||||||
• 1199–1205 | Roman the Great (first) | ||||||||||||
• 1341–1349 | Liubartas (last) | ||||||||||||
| Historical era | Middle Ages | ||||||||||||
• Principality | 1199 | ||||||||||||
• Kingdom | 1253 | ||||||||||||
• Loss of Galicia to Poland | 1349 | ||||||||||||
• Volhynia falls to Lithuania | 1349 | ||||||||||||
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The Principality or, from 1253, Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, also known as the Kingdom of Ruthenia, Kingdom of Rus', or Kingdom of Russia, also Halych–Volhynian Kingdom was a medieval state in Eastern Europe which existed from 1199 to 1349. Its territory was predominantly located in modern-day Ukraine, with parts in Belarus, Poland, Moldova, and Lithuania. Along with Novgorod and Vladimir-Suzdal, it was one of the three most important powers to emerge from the collapse of Kievan Rus'.
Roman the Great united the principalities of Galicia and Volhynia at the turn of the 13th century. Following the destruction wreaked by the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus' (1239–1241), Prince Daniel of Galicia and the other princes of Rus' pledged allegiance to Batu Khan of the Golden Horde in 1246. The Polish conquest of the kingdom in 1349 led to it being fully absorbed by Catholic Poland. Upon annexing it in 1349, Polish king Casimir III the Great adopted the title of King of Poland and Ruthenia, and the territory was transformed into the Ruthenian Voivodeship (Latin: Palatinatus Russiae) in 1434.