Lý dynasty
Đại Cồ Việt Quốc 大瞿越國 (1009–1054) Đại Việt Quốc 大越國 (1054–1225) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1009–1225 | |||||||||
Territories of Đại Việt and expansion period | |||||||||
Administrative division of Đại Việt in 1085 | |||||||||
| Status | Internal imperial system within Song tributary | ||||||||
| Capital | Hoa Lư (1009–1010) Thăng Long (1010–1225) | ||||||||
| Emperor | |||||||||
• 1009–1028 | Lý Thái Tổ (first) | ||||||||
• 1054–1072 | Lý Thánh Tông | ||||||||
• 1072–1128 | Lý Nhân Tông | ||||||||
• 1224–1225 | Lý Chiêu Hoàng (last) | ||||||||
| Chancellor | |||||||||
• 1058 | Lý Thường Kiệt | ||||||||
• 1069–1073 | Lý Đạo Thành | ||||||||
• 1140–1158 | Đỗ Anh Vũ | ||||||||
• 1158–1179 | Tô Hiến Thành | ||||||||
• 1208–1211 | Tô Trung Từ | ||||||||
• 1225 | Trần Thủ Độ (last) | ||||||||
| Historical era | Medieval Asia | ||||||||
• Coronation of Lý Công Uẩn | 21 November 1009 | ||||||||
• War with Dali kingdom | 1014 | ||||||||
• Lý Thánh Tông changes the state name from Đại Cồ Việt to Đại Việt | 1054 | ||||||||
| 1075–1077 | |||||||||
| 1225 | |||||||||
| Currency | Copper-alloy cash coins | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Lý | |
|---|---|
| Country | Kingdom of Đại Việt (Vietnam) |
| Founded | 10th century |
| Founder | Lý Công Uẩn |
| Final ruler | Lý Chiêu Hoàng |
| Titles |
|
| Traditions | Mahayana Buddhism |
| Estate(s) | Thăng Long |
| Deposition | 1225 |
The Lý dynasty (Vietnamese: Nhà Lý, Vietnamese pronunciation: [ɲâː lǐ], chữ Nôm: 茹李, chữ Hán: 朝李, Vietnamese: triều Lý), officially Đại Cồ Việt (chữ Hán: 大瞿越) from 1009 to 1054 and Đại Việt (chữ Hán: 大越) from 1054 to 1225, was a Vietnamese dynasty that existed from 1009 to 1225. It was established by Lý Công Uẩn when he overthrew the Early Lê dynasty. The dynasty ended when empress regnant Lý Chiêu Hoàng (then 8 years old) was pressured to abdicate the throne in favor of her husband, Trần Cảnh in 1225, the dynasty lasted for 216 years. During Lý Thánh Tông's reign, the official name of the state was changed from Đại Cồ Việt to Đại Việt, a name that would remain Vietnam's official name until the onset of the 19th century.
Domestically, while the Lý emperors were devout in their adherence to Buddhism, the influence of Confucianism from China was on the rise, with the opening of the Temple of Literature in 1070, built for the veneration of the Confucius and his disciples. Six years later in 1076, the Quốc Tử Giám (Guozijian) was established within the same complex; Initially the education was limited to the children of the emperor, the imperial family as well as mandarin and nobility, serving as Vietnam's first university institution. The first imperial examination was held in 1075 and Lê Văn Thịnh became the first Trạng Nguyên (Zhuangyuan) of Vietnam.
Politically, the dynasty established an administration system based on the rule of law rather than on autocratic principles. They chose the Đại La Citadel as the capital (later renamed Thăng Long and subsequently Hanoi). Ly Dynasty held onto power in part due to their economic strength, stability and general popularity among the population rather than by military means like previous dynasties. This set off a historical precedent for following dynasties, as prior to the Ly Dynasty, most Vietnamese dynasties lasted very briefly, often fall to the state of decline following the respective dynasty founder's death.
Noblemen scholars such as Lê Văn Thịnh, Bùi Quốc Khái, Doãn Tử Tư, Đoàn Văn Khâm, Lý Đạo Thành, and Tô Hiến Thành made vast contributions culturally and politically, allowing the dynasty to flourish for 216 years.