Layered double hydroxides

Layered double hydroxides (LDH) are a class of ionic solids characterized by a layered structure with the generic layer sequence [AcB Z AcB]n, where c represents positively charged layers of metal cations, A and B are layers of hydroxide (OH−
) anions, and Z are interlayers filled by various anions (ensuring the electroneutrality of the system) and neutral molecules such as water. Lateral offsets between the layers may result in longer repeating periods.

The intercalated anions (Z) are weakly electrostatically bound, often exchangeable; their intercalation properties have scientific interest and industrial applications.

LDHs occur in nature as minerals, as byproducts of the metabolism of certain bacteria, and also unintentionally in man-made contexts (e.g., archaeological sites), such as the products of corrosion of metallic artefacts.

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