Lev Landau

Lev Landau
Lev Landau
Лев Ландау
	Landau in 1962
Born	Lev Davidovich Landau; 22 January 1908 ; Baku, Caucasus Viceroyalty, Russian Empire
Died	1 April 1968 (aged 60) ; Moscow, Soviet Union
Resting place	Novodevichy Cemetery, Moscow
Education	Baku Economical Technical School
Alma mater	Baku State University; Leningrad State University (diploma, 1927); Leningrad Physico-Technical Institute (D.Sc., 1934)
Known for	List Landau damping; Landau distribution; Landau gauge; Landau pole; Landau susceptibility; Landau free energy; Landau levels; Landau's Fermi liquid theory; Landau's phase transition theory; Stuart–Landau equation; Ginzburg–Landau theory; Darrieus–Landau instability; Landau kinetic equation; Landau–Peierls instability; Landau singularities; Landau–Raychaudhuri equation; Landau–Zener formula; Landau–Squire jet; Landau–Levich problem; Landau–Pekar equations; Landau–Teller model; Landau–Lifshitz fluctuating hydrodynamics; Landau–Lifshitz model; Landau–Lifshitz pseudotensor; Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation; Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect; Landau–Lifshitz force; Guderley–Landau–Stanyukovich problem; Landau–Placzek ratio; Landau–Yang theorem; Landau derivative; Ivanenko–Landau–Kähler equation; Landau–Lifshitz aeroacoustic equation; Landau principle; Landau–Hopf theory of turbulence; Density matrix; DLVO theory; Open quantum system; Polaron; Roton; Superfluidity; Superconductivity; Course of Theoretical Physics; Quantum hydrodynamics; Quasiparticle theory; Zero sound; Second sound; Antiferromagnetism; Two-fluid model;
Spouse	K. T. Drobanzeva (married 1937; 1 child) (1908–1984)
Awards	Stalin Prize (1946) ; Max Planck Medal (1960); Fritz London Memorial Prize (1960); Nobel Prize in Physics (1962)
	Scientific career
Fields	Theoretical physics
Institutions	Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute and Kharkiv University (later Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology); Institute for Physical Problems (RAS); MSU Faculty of Physics
Academic advisors	Niels Bohr
Doctoral students	Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov; Aleksandr Ilyich Akhiezer; Igor Ekhielevich Dzyaloshinskii; Lev Gor'kov; Isaak Markovich Khalatnikov; Lev Petrovich Pitaevskii
Other notable students	Evgeny Lifshitz

Lev Davidovich Landau (Russian: Лев Дави́дович Ланда́у; 22 January 1908 – 1 April 1968) was a Soviet physicist who made fundamental contributions to many areas of theoretical physics. He was considered as one of the last scientists who were universally well-versed and made seminal contributions to all branches of physics. He is credited with laying the foundations of twentieth century condensed matter physics, and is also considered arguably the greatest Soviet theoretical physicist.

His accomplishments include the independent co-discovery of the density matrix method in quantum mechanics (alongside John von Neumann), the quantum mechanical theory of diamagnetism, the theory of superfluidity, the theory of second-order phase transitions, invention of order parameter technique, the Ginzburg–Landau theory of superconductivity, the theory of Fermi liquids, the explanation of Landau damping in plasma physics, the Landau pole in quantum electrodynamics, the two-component theory of neutrinos, and Landau's equations for S-matrix singularities. He received the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physics for his development of a mathematical theory of superfluidity that accounts for the properties of liquid helium II at a temperature below 2.17 K (−270.98 °C).