MQM violence (1994–present)
| MQM related violence | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of MQM militancy | ||||||||
Pakistan Rangers in 2015 when MQM's HQ Nine Zero was being raided | ||||||||
| ||||||||
| Belligerents | ||||||||
|
MQM Haqiqi |
Supported by |
Sunni Tehreek TTP SSP (until 2018) Lashkar-e-Jhangvi (until 2024) | ||||||
| Units involved | ||||||||
MQM Haqiqi |
Supported by |
Sunni Tehreek TTP Jundallah SSP | ||||||
| Strength | ||||||||
| Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
700 killed (1994), 1,770–1,990 killed (1995) | ||||||||
The MQM violence refers to political violence related to the Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM), a political and militant organisation representing the Muhajir community. Violence began in 1978 against the Sindh government and various other opponents. It was eventually suppressed by the Pakistan army during Operation Clean-up.
In 1994, after the military's withdrawal, MQM launched another wave of anti-state, sectarian, and ethnic violence. The intensity of this violence subsided following Operation Lyari and Karachi's targeted action. The 2015 Nine-Zero raids led to the arrest of several key MQM leaders and marked the beginning of a crackdown on the party. Another crackdown on 22 August 2016 resulted in the closure of the party headquarters near 90 Azizabad, Khursheed Memorial Hall, MPA Hostel, and Jinnah Park. Several other MQM leaders were arrested, marking "the end of the story for the party founder, Altaf."