Medea hypothesis
The Medea hypothesis is a term coined by paleontologist Peter Ward for a hypothesis that contests the Gaian hypothesis and proposes that multicellular life, understood as a superorganism, may be self-destructive or suicidal. The metaphor refers to the mythological Medea (representing the Earth), who kills her own children (multicellular life).
In this view, microbial-triggered mass extinctions result in returns to the microbial-dominated state Earth has been in for most of its history.