Montgomery bus boycott

Montgomery bus boycott
Montgomery bus boycott
Part of the Civil Rights Movement
	Rosa Parks on a Montgomery bus On December 20, 1956, the day Montgomery's public transportation system was legally integrated. Behind Parks is Nicholas C. Chriss, a UPI reporter covering the event.
Date	December 5, 1955 – December 20, 1956
Location	Montgomery, Alabama, U.S.
Caused by	Racial segregation on public transportation; Successful 6-day Baton Rouge bus boycott; Claudette Colvin's arrest; Rosa Parks' arrest;
Resulted in	Browder v. Gayle (1956); Emergence of Martin Luther King Jr.; Inspired Tallahassee bus boycott; Formation of Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC);
Parties
Women's Political Council (WPC); Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA);	City Commission of Montgomery; National City Lines; Montgomery City Lines; Montgomery Citizens Council;
Lead figures
	WPC member Jo Ann Robinson; MIA members Martin Luther King Jr.; E.D. Nixon; Rosa Parks; Fred Gray; City Commission W. A. Gayle, President of the Commission (mayor); Frank Parks, Commissioner; Clyde Sellers, Police Commissioner; National City Lines Kenneth E. Totten, vice president; Montgomery City Lines J.H. Bagley, manager; Jack Crenshaw, attorney; James F. Blake, bus driver;

The Montgomery bus boycott was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. It was a foundational event in the civil rights movement in the United States. The campaign lasted from December 5, 1955—the Monday after Rosa Parks, an African-American woman, was arrested for her refusal to surrender her seat to a white person—to December 20, 1956, when the federal ruling Browder v. Gayle took effect, and led to a United States Supreme Court decision that declared the Alabama and Montgomery laws that segregated buses were unconstitutional.