Muhammad Jamalul Alam II

Muhammad Jamalul Alam II (1888/1889 – 19 September 1924) was the 26th Sultan of Brunei from 1906 until his death in 1924. He was succeeded by his eldest son Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin.

Jamalul Alam was the first Bruneian sultan to speak English, reflecting British influence as Brunei navigated its relationship with the British Residency established in 1906. Initially, the Sultan encountered resistance from conservative royal family members opposed to British administrative reforms. Nevertheless, he eventually became known as a "model ruler" and a loyal British ally, admired for his intelligence and diplomatic approach. His rule saw Brunei through one of its most impoverished periods, as the country faced economic decline and social challenges. Despite this he aimed to encourage new developments in agriculture, medicine, and education, while also promoting Islamic learning. His unexpected death in 1924 left Brunei under a regency during the minority of his son, Ahmad Tajuddin, sparking continued debates over the future of Brunei's education and governance.