Nùng Autonomous Territory
Nùng Autonomous Territory Pays Nung / Territoire Autonome Nung Xứ Nùng / Khu tự trị Nùng 農處 / 農族自治區 | |||||||||||
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| 1947–1954 | |||||||||||
| Motto: "Trung Hiếu" (忠孝) (English: "Loyalty", "Filial piety") | |||||||||||
A political and demographic map of the Hải Ninh Province at the time of the Nùng Autonomous Territory. | |||||||||||
| Status | Autonomous territory of Tonkin (1947–1948) Autonomous federation within the French Union (1947–50) Crown domain of the Vietnamese Emperor (1950–54) | ||||||||||
| Capital | Móng Cái | ||||||||||
| Common languages | Chinese (Hakka and Jyut), French, Vietnamese | ||||||||||
| Ethnic groups | Chinese Nùng, Dao, Kinh, Thổ, Sán Dìu, and Ngái | ||||||||||
| Lãnh tụ Nùng | |||||||||||
• 1947–1954 | Voòng A Sáng | ||||||||||
| Historical era | Cold War | ||||||||||
• Established | 1947 | ||||||||||
| 20 July 1954 | |||||||||||
| Area | |||||||||||
• Total | 4.500 km2 (1.737 sq mi) | ||||||||||
| Population | |||||||||||
• 1949 | 120.000 | ||||||||||
| Currency | piastre (1947—1953) đồng (from 1953) | ||||||||||
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| Today part of | Quảng Ninh Province and the Đình Lập District, Vietnam | ||||||||||
The Nùng Autonomous Territory (French: Territoire Autonome Nung; Vietnamese: Khu tự trị Nùng), also known as the Hải Ninh Autonomous Territory (Vietnamese: Khu tự trị Hải Ninh), the Nùng Hải Ninh Autonomous Territory (French: Territoire autonome Nung de Hai Ninh; Vietnamese: Khu tự trị Nùng Hải Ninh), and the Nùng country (French: Pays Nung; Vietnamese: Xứ Nùng), abbreviated as TAN, was an autonomous territory for the Chinese Nùng within the French Union created during the First Indochina War by the French colonial government in Indochina. During this period the French hoped to weaken the position of the Việt Minh by granting more autonomy to ethnic minorities in Vietnam in the hopes of getting more support from them in their fight against the predominantly Kinh Việt Minh, which took control of large parts of Vietnam following the August Revolution and the power vacuum that occurred following the surrender of Japan at the end of World War II.
The Nùng Autonomous Territory was created as a homeland for the Chinese Nùng people (which should not be confused with the Tai people of the same name) in what is now the Quảng Ninh Province. The territory became a part Emperor Bảo Đại's Domain of the Crown within the State of Vietnam in 1950 and would continue to serve French interests until the territory was handed over to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1954 following the Geneva Accords prompting many of its inhabitants to become refugees and moving to South Vietnam and members of its military to later join the ARV.