Glucocorticoid receptor

NR3C1
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1M2Z, 1NHZ, 1P93, 3BQD, 3CLD, 3E7C, 3H52, 3K22, 3K23, 4CSJ, 4HN5, 4HN6, 4LSJ, 4MDD, 4P6W, 4P6X, 5CBY, 5CBX, 4UDC, 4UDD, 5CBZ, 5CC1, 5EMQ, 5EMC, 5EMP
Identifiers
Aliases	NR3C1, GCCR, GCR, GCRST, GR, GRL, nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1, Glucocorticoid Receptor
External IDs	OMIM: 138040; MGI: 95824; HomoloGene: 30960; GeneCards: NR3C1; OMA:NR3C1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 5 (human)
End	143,435,512 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 18 (mouse)
End	39,652,474 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	endothelial cell; ; tibia; ; cartilage tissue; ; Skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis; ; Brodmann area 23; ; superficial temporal artery; ; visceral pleura; ; synovial joint; ; nipple; ; parietal pleura;
	Top expressed in
	median eminence; ; left lung; ; ankle; ; left lung lobe; ; skin of external ear; ; medial dorsal nucleus; ; lobe of cerebellum; ; ciliary body; ; triceps brachii muscle; ; arcuate nucleus;
	More reference expression data
	; ; ; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	steroid hormone binding; DNA binding; sequence-specific DNA binding; DNA-binding transcription factor activity; zinc ion binding; DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; glucocorticoid receptor activity; nuclear receptor activity; metal ion binding; RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding; steroid hormone receptor activity; steroid binding; protein binding; lipid binding; RNA binding; SUMO binding; Hsp90 protein binding; DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; protein kinase binding;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; nucleoplasm; mitochondrial matrix; mitochondrion; nucleus; cytoskeleton; spindle; microtubule organizing center; cytosol; nuclear speck; protein-containing complex;
Biological process	cellular response to steroid hormone stimulus; regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway; transcription by RNA polymerase II; transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter; glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway; signal transduction; steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway; cell cycle; cell division; apoptotic process; chromosome segregation; negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; transcription, DNA-templated; cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus; cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus; positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; cellular response to glucocorticoid stimulus; chromatin organization; positive regulation of pri-miRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	2908
	14815
	ENSG00000113580
	ENSMUSG00000024431
	P04150; Q3MSN4
	P06537
NM_000176; NM_001018074; NM_001018075; NM_001018076; NM_001018077;
	NM_001020825; NM_001024094; NM_001204258; NM_001204259; NM_001204260; NM_001204261; NM_001204262; NM_001204263; NM_001204264; NM_001204265; NM_001364180; NM_001364181; NM_001364182; NM_001364183; NM_001364184; NM_001364185
	NM_008173; NM_001361209; NM_001361210; NM_001361211; NM_001361212
NP_000167; NP_001018084; NP_001018085; NP_001018086; NP_001018087;
	NP_001018661; NP_001019265; NP_001191187; NP_001191188; NP_001191189; NP_001191190; NP_001191191; NP_001191192; NP_001191193; NP_001191194; NP_001351109; NP_001351110; NP_001351111; NP_001351112; NP_001351113; NP_001351114; NP_000167.1; NP_001018084.1; NP_001018085.1; NP_001018086.1; NP_001018087.1; NP_001018661.1; NP_001019265.1; NP_001191187.1; NP_001191188.1; NP_001191189.1; NP_001191190.1; NP_001191191.1; NP_001191192.1; NP_001191193.1
	NP_001348138; NP_001348139; NP_001348140; NP_001348141; NP_032199
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

The glucocorticoid receptor (GR or GCR) also known by its gene name NR3C1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1) is the steroid receptor for glucocorticoids such as cortisol.

The GR is expressed in almost every cell in the body and regulates genes controlling the development, metabolism, inflammation, and immune response. Because the receptor gene is expressed in several forms, it has many different (pleiotropic) effects in different parts of the body and in the context of different diseases.

GR is a steroid receptor and thus its canonical action is similar to other steroid receptors. The unbound receptor resides in the cytosol of the cell. When glucocorticoids bind to the receptor, GR translocates to the nucleus of the cell where it acts as a transcription factor. The activated GR complex up-regulates the expression of anti-inflammatory proteins in the nucleus or represses the expression of pro-inflammatory proteins in the cytosol (by preventing the translocation of other transcription factors from the cytosol into the nucleus).

In humans, the GR protein is encoded by NR3C1 gene which is located on chromosome 5 (5q31).