Newcastle upon Tyne

Newcastle upon Tyne
Newcastle upon Tyne
City and metropolitan borough
	The Quayside, with the Tyne Bridge to the left and the Millennium Bridge to the centre right The City Centre The Castle Grainger Town Theatre Royal St Mary's RC Cathedral Civic Centre
	Coat of arms
	Nickname: The Toon
	Motto(s): Latin: Fortiter Defendit Triumphans, lit. 'Triumphing by Brave Defence'
	Newcastle shown within Tyne and Wear
	Coordinates: 54°58′41″N 1°36′37″W / 54.9780°N 1.6102°W
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Country	England
Region	North East
Ceremonial county	Tyne and Wear
City region	North East
Founded	2nd century AD
City status	1882
Metropolitan borough	1 April 1974
Administrative HQ	Newcastle Civic Centre
Government
• Type	Metropolitan borough
• Body	Newcastle City Council
• Executive	Leader and cabinet
• Control	Labour
• Leader	Karen Kilgour (L)
• Lord Mayor	Rob Higgins
• MPs	5 MPs Mary Glindon (L) ; Catherine McKinnell (L) ; Chi Onwurah (L) ; Joe Morris (L) ; Emma Foody (L) ;
Area
• Total	44 sq mi (115 km2)
• Land	44 sq mi (113 km2)
• Rank	182nd
Population (2022)
• Total	307,565
• Rank	46th
• Density	7,020/sq mi (2,711/km2)
Demonyms	Novocastrian; Geordie (colloq.);
Ethnicity (2021)
• Ethnic groups	List 80.0% White ; 11.4% Asian ; 3.3% Black ; 2.3% Mixed ; 3.1% other ;
Religion (2021)
• Religion	List 41.3% Christianity ; 40.8% no religion ; 9.0% Islam ; 1.4% Hinduism ; 0.5% Sikhism ; 0.5% Buddhism ; 0.2% Judaism ; 0.4% other ; 6.0% not stated ;
Time zone	UTC+0 (GMT)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+1 (BST)
Postcode area	NE1–7; NE12–20; NE27–29;
Dialling code	0191
ISO 3166 code	GB-NET
GSS code	E08000021
Website	newcastle.gov.uk

Newcastle upon Tyne, or simply Newcastle (/njuːˈkæsəl/ ^ⓘ new-KASS-əl, RP: /ˈnjuːkɑːsəl/ ^ⓘ NEW-kah-səl), is a cathedral city and metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear, England. It is England's northernmost metropolitan borough, located on the River Tyne's northern bank opposite Gateshead to the south. It is the most populous settlement in the Tyneside conurbation and North East England.

Newcastle developed around a Roman settlement called Pons Aelius. The settlement became known as Monkchester before taking on the name of a castle built in 1080 by William the Conqueror's eldest son, Robert Curthose. It was one of the world's largest ship building and repair centres during the Industrial Revolution. Newcastle was historically part of the county of Northumberland, but governed as a county corporate after 1400. In 1974, Newcastle became part of the newly-created metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear. The local authority is Newcastle City Council, which is a constituent member of the North East Mayoral Combined Authority.