Nonverbal learning disorder

Nonverbal learning disorder
Other namesDevelopmental visual–spatial disorder, nonverbal learning difficulties, nonverbal learning disability
SpecialtyNeurology,
Psychiatry
DurationLifelong
Differential diagnosisAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, bipolar disorder
FrequencyCurrently unknown, estimated to be around 3%

Nonverbal learning disorder (NVLD or NLD) is a proposed neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by core deficits in nonverbal skills, especially visual-spatial processing. People with this condition have normal or advanced verbal intelligence and significantly lower nonverbal intelligence. A review of papers found that proposed diagnostic criteria were inconsistent. Proposed additional diagnostic criteria include intact verbal intelligence, and deficits in the following: visuoconstruction abilities, speech prosody, fine motor coordination, mathematical reasoning, visuospatial memory, and social skills. NVLD is not recognised by the DSM-5 and is not clinically distinct from learning disorders.

NVLD symptoms can overlap with symptoms of autism, bipolar disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). For this reason, some claim a diagnosis of NVLD is more appropriate in some subset of these cases.