Ovarian torsion
| Ovarian torsion | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Adnexal torsion |
| Specialty | Gynecology |
| Symptoms | Pelvic pain |
| Complications | Infertility |
| Usual onset | Classically sudden |
| Risk factors | Ovarian cysts, ovarian enlargement, ovarian tumors, pregnancy, tubal ligation |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms, ultrasound, CT scan |
| Differential diagnosis | Appendicitis, kidney infection, kidney stones, ectopic pregnancy |
| Treatment | Surgery |
| Frequency | 6 per 100,000 women per year |
Ovarian torsion (OT) or adnexal torsion is an abnormal condition where an ovary twists on its attachment to other structures, such that blood flow is decreased. Symptoms typically include pelvic pain on one side. While classically the pain is sudden in onset, this is not always the case. Other symptoms may include nausea. Complications may include infection, bleeding, or infertility.
Risk factors include ovarian cysts, ovarian enlargement, ovarian tumors, pregnancy, fertility treatment, and prior tubal ligation. The diagnosis may be supported by an ultrasound done via the vagina or CT scan, but these do not completely rule out the diagnosis. Surgery is the most accurate method of diagnosis.
Treatment is by surgery to either untwist and fix the ovary in place or to remove it. The ovary will often recover, even if the condition has been present for some time. In those who have had a prior ovarian torsion, there is a 10% chance the other will also be affected. The diagnosis is relatively rare, affecting about 6 per 100,000 women per year. While it most commonly occurs in those of reproductive age, it can occur at any age.