P2RX4

P2RX4
Identifiers
Aliases	P2RX4, P2X4, P2X4R, purinergic receptor P2X 4
External IDs	OMIM: 600846; MGI: 1338859; HomoloGene: 1923; GeneCards: P2RX4; OMA:P2RX4 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 12 (human)
End	121,234,106 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 5 (mouse)
End	122,867,801 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	mucosa of transverse colon; ; cerebellar hemisphere; ; right hemisphere of cerebellum; ; granulocyte; ; body of pancreas; ; mucosa of ileum; ; monocyte; ; rectum; ; stromal cell of endometrium; ; mucosa of sigmoid colon;
	Top expressed in
	Ileal epithelium; ; lesser wing of sphenoid bone; ; parotid gland; ; nasal septum; ; submandibular gland; ; lacrimal gland; ; stroma of bone marrow; ; left colon; ; yolk sac; ; decidua;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein homodimerization activity; zinc ion binding; cadherin binding; purinergic nucleotide receptor activity; extracellularly ATP-gated cation channel activity; ion channel activity; protein binding; copper ion binding; signaling receptor binding; ATP binding; identical protein binding;
Cellular component	integral component of membrane; membrane; postsynaptic density; dendritic spine; integral component of nuclear inner membrane; synapse; integral component of plasma membrane; lysosomal membrane; cell junction; soma; terminal bouton; axon; dendrite; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; extracellular exosome; plasma membrane; postsynapse;
Biological process	response to ATP; positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling; positive regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol; negative regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy; regulation of sodium ion transport; positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process; membrane depolarization; endothelial cell activation; ion transport; cation transmembrane transport; response to fluid shear stress; regulation of blood pressure; ion transmembrane transport; positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion; tissue homeostasis; apoptotic signaling pathway; sensory perception of pain; regulation of cardiac muscle contraction; cellular response to ATP; protein homooligomerization; relaxation of cardiac muscle; signal transduction; neuronal action potential; purinergic nucleotide receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of calcium ion transport; blood coagulation; excitatory postsynaptic potential; positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration; positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis; transport;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	5025
	18438
	ENSG00000135124
	ENSMUSG00000029470
	Q99571
	Q9JJX6
NM_001256796; NM_001261397; NM_001261398; NM_002560; NM_175567;
	NM_175568
	NM_011026; NM_001310718; NM_001310720
	NP_001243725; NP_001248326; NP_001248327; NP_002551
	n/a
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

P2X purinoceptor 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the P2RX4 gene. P2X purinoceptor 4 is a member of the P2X receptor family. P2X receptors are trimeric protein complexes that can be homomeric or heteromeric. These receptors are ligand-gated cation channels that open in response to ATP binding. Each receptor subtype, determined by the subunit composition, varies in its affinity to ATP and desensitization kinetics.

The P2X₄ receptor is the homotrimer composed of three P2X₄ monomers. They are nonselective cation channels with high calcium permeability, leading to the depolarization of the cell membrane and the activation of various Ca²⁺-sensitive intracellular processes. The P2X₄ receptor is uniquely expressed on lysosomal compartments as well as the cell surface.

The receptor is found in the central and peripheral nervous systems, in the epithelia of ducted glands and airways, in the smooth muscle of the bladder, gastrointestinal tract, uterus, and arteries, in uterine endometrium, and in fat cells. P2X₄ receptors have been implicated in the regulation of cardiac function, ATP-mediated cell death, synaptic strengthening, and activating of the inflammasome in response to injury.