Printed circuit board manufacturing

Printed circuit board manufacturing is the process of manufacturing bare printed circuit boards (PCBs) and populating them with electronic components. It includes all the processes to produce the full assembly of a board into a functional circuit board.

In board manufacturing, multiple PCBs are grouped on a single panel for efficient processing. After assembly, they are separated (depaneled). Various techniques, such as silk screening and photoengraving, replicate the desired copper patterns on the PCB layers. Multi-layer boards are created by laminating different layers under heat and pressure. Holes for vias (vertical connections between layers) are also drilled.

The final assembly involves placing components onto the PCB and soldering them in place. This process can include through-hole technology (in which the component goes through the board) or surface-mount technology (SMT) (in which the component lays on top of the board).

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