List of Australian penal colonies

The following is a list of Australian penal colonies that existed from the establishment of European presence in the 1780s up until the nineteenth century. The term colony had referred to settlements and larger land areas at that time.

SettlementColonyYear openedYear closed
Cockatoo IslandNew South Wales18391869
Rose HillNew South Wales1788
Sydney CoveNew South Wales17881840
Moreton BayQueensland (New South Wales before 1859)1824
RedcliffeQueensland18231824
Maria IslandVan Diemen's Land18251851
Port ArthurVan Diemen's Land1830
RichmondVan Diemen's Land1830
Risdon CoveVan Diemen's Land1794
Sarah Island, part of the Macquarie Harbour Penal StationVan Diemen's Land18221833
Saltwater RiverVan Diemen's Land18791970
Sullivans CoveVan Diemen's Land1914
King George's SoundWestern Australia18261832
Swan River ColonyWestern Australia18501868
Norfolk IslandOther17881855
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