Pontianak Hakka

Pontianak Hakka (Chinese: 坤甸客語; Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Khun-tîen Hak-ngî; Indonesian: Bahasa Khek Pontianak) It is a variety of Hakka primarily spoken by the Hakka Chinese community in western and central West Kalimantan, Indonesia, particularly in and around the provincial capital, Pontianak. Pontianak Hakka was brought to West Kalimantan by Hakka speakers who migrated from Guangdong, China. Most of these migrants came from Meixian, making Pontianak Hakka a descendant of the Meixian variety. Over time, it has been influenced by Cantonese, Teochew, and the local languages of West Kalimantan, including the local variety of Malay and, more recently, Standard Indonesian, which is also a form of Malay. These influences have contributed to Pontianak Hakka's distinctive phonetic features and unique vocabulary. Pontianak Hakka is primarily spoken in the city of Pontianak and Mempawah Regency, where there is a significant Chinese population. It is also spoken in Kubu Raya, Landak, Sanggau, Sekadau and Sintang, particularly in urban areas with a high concentration of Chinese residents. In contrast, Hakka communities in the northwestern part of West Kalimantan, such as Singkawang and its surrounding areas, speak a different variety descended mainly from the Hailu dialect.

Locally, it is referred to as "soft speech" (軟話), in contrast Singkawang Hakka which is referred as "hard speech" (硬話). In Pontianak, Hakka is the second-most spoken Chinese variety among the local Chinese community, after the regional variety of Teochew. Since the majority of Pontianak's Chinese population is Teochew, the language serves as the lingua franca within the community. As a result, many Hakka speakers in Pontianak are fluent in Teochew, and vice versa. Code-mixing and code-switching between Teochew, Hakka, Pontianak Malay, and Indonesian are common in daily interactions among Pontianak's Chinese community. However, Pontianak Teochew is mainly spoken in the city and certain suburban areas. Outside of Pontianak, particularly to the north of the Kapuas River, Hakka is the dominant language among the Chinese community.