History of the Philippines (1965–1986)
Republic of the Philippines | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1965–1986 | |||||||||
| Motto: "Isang Bansa, Isang Diwa" "One Nation, One Spirit" | |||||||||
| Anthem: Lupang Hinirang (English: "Chosen Land") | |||||||||
Location of the Philippines in Southeast Asia. | |||||||||
| Capital | 1965–1976: Quezon City (official) Manila (legislative capital until 1972) 1976–1986: Manila (de jure) Metro Manila (de facto) | ||||||||
| Largest city | Quezon City (city proper) Metro Manila (metropolitan) | ||||||||
| Official languages | Filipino Spanish English | ||||||||
| Spoken languages | See Languages of the Philippines | ||||||||
| Government | Unitary presidential constitutional republic (1965–1972) Unitary presidential constitutional republic under a totalitarian conjugal military dictatorship (1972–1973) Unitary parliamentary republic with an executive presidency (1973–1978) Unitary dominant-party parliamentary constitutional republic under a totalitarian conjugal dictatorship (1978–1981) Unitary dominant-party semi-presidential constitutional republic under a conjugal dictatorship (1981–1986) | ||||||||
| President | |||||||||
• 1965–1986 | Ferdinand Marcos | ||||||||
| Vice President | |||||||||
• 1965–1972 | Fernando Lopez | ||||||||
• 1972–1986 | abolished by the 1973 Constitution | ||||||||
| Prime Minister | |||||||||
• 1978–1981 | Ferdinand Marcos | ||||||||
• 1981–1986 | Cesar Virata | ||||||||
| Legislature | Congress (1965–1972) None (Congress dissolved) (1972–1976) Batasang Bayan (1976–1978) Interim Batasang Pambansa (1978–1984) Regular Batasang Pambansa (1984–1986) | ||||||||
| Senate (1965–1972) | |||||||||
| House of Representatives (1965–1972) | |||||||||
| Historical era | Cold War | ||||||||
| December 30, 1965 | |||||||||
| January 26 – March 17, 1970 | |||||||||
| August 21, 1971 | |||||||||
| September 23, 1972 | |||||||||
| January 17, 1973 | |||||||||
| August 21, 1983 | |||||||||
| February 7, 1986 | |||||||||
| February 22–25, 1986 | |||||||||
| Currency | Philippine peso (₱) | ||||||||
| Time zone | UTC+08:00 (PST) | ||||||||
| Date format |
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| ISO 3166 code | PH | ||||||||
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| Today part of | Philippines | ||||||||
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The history of the Philippines, from 1965 to 1986, covers the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos. The Marcos era includes the final years of the Third Republic (1965–1972), the Philippines under martial law (1972–1981), and the majority of the Fourth Republic (1981–1986). By the end of the Marcos dictatorial era, the country was experiencing a debt crisis, extreme poverty, and severe underemployment.