Proton ATPase

In the field of enzymology, a proton ATPase, or H+-ATPase, is an enzyme that catalyzes the following chemical reaction:

ATP + H
2O + H+
in ADP + phosphate + H+
out

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, H
2O, and H+
, whereas its 3 products are ADP, phosphate, and H+
.

Proton ATPases are divided into three groups as outlined below:

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