Psilocin
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| Other names | Psilocine; Psilocyn; Psilotsin; 4-Hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine; 4-Hydroxy-DMT; 4-Hydroxy-N,N-DMT; 4-HO-DMT; 4-OH-DMT; PSOH; PAL-153; PAL153; CX-59; CX59 |
| Routes of administration | By mouth, intravenous |
| Drug class | Serotonergic psychedelic; Hallucinogen; Serotonin receptor agonist |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | Oral psilocybin: 52.7 ± 20.4% (as psilocin) |
| Metabolism | Liver, other tissues: • Demethylation and deamination (MAO) • Oxidation (ALDH) • Glucuronidation (UGTs) |
| Metabolites | • Psilocin-O-glucuronide • 4-Hydroxy-indole-3-acetaldehyde • 4-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (4-HIAA) • 4-Hydroxytryptophol |
| Elimination half-life | Oral psilocybin: 2.3–3 hours (as psilocin) IV psilocybin: 1.2 hours (as psilocin) |
| Excretion | Urine (mainly as psilocin-O-glucuronide, 2–4% unchanged) |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.007.543 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C12H16N2O |
| Molar mass | 204.273 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
| Melting point | 173 to 176 °C (343 to 349 °F) |
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Psilocin, also known as 4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (4-HO-DMT), is a substituted tryptamine alkaloid and a serotonergic psychedelic. It is present in most psychedelic mushrooms together with its phosphorylated counterpart psilocybin. Psilocybin, as well as synthetic esters such as 4-AcO-DMT (psilacetin; O-acetylpsilocin) and 4-PrO-DMT (O-propionylpsilocin), are prodrugs of psilocin.
Acting on the serotonin 5-HT2A receptors, psilocin's psychedelic effects are directly correlated with the drug's occupancy at these receptor sites. It also interacts with other serotonin receptors and targets. The subjective mind-altering effects of psilocin are highly variable in their qualitative nature but resemble those of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT).
Psilocin is a Schedule I drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances.