RENAMO insurgency (2013–2021)

RENAMO insurgency
	; RMJ militants, including Mariano Nhongo (far left)
Date	First phase: April 2013 – September 2014; Second phase: March 2015 – May 2018; RMJ phase: August 2019 – December 2021
Location	Mozambique
Result	The Peace agreement was signed between opposing factions on 1 August 2019 Most RENAMO rebels lay down arms soon afterward; A splinter faction, the RENAMO Military Junta (RMJ), continued its insurgency until 2021;
Belligerents
Mozambique	RENAMO (until 2019); RENAMO Military Junta (from 2019)
Commanders and leaders
Armando Guebuza (until 2015); Filipe Nyusi (from 2019)	Afonso Dhlakama (1979–2018); Ossufo Momade (2018–2019); Mariano Nhongo † (2019–2021)
Strength
Unknown	500 (RMJ, self claim)
Casualties and losses
	200+ total killed (as of 2015); 15,000 displaced (2016)

The RENAMO insurgency was a guerrilla campaign by militants of the RENAMO party and one of its splinter factions in Mozambique. The insurgency was widely considered to be an aftershock of the Mozambican Civil War; it resulted in renewed tensions between RENAMO and Mozambique's ruling FRELIMO coalition over charges of state corruption and the disputed results of the 2014 general elections.

A ceasefire was announced between the government and the rebels in September 2014. However, renewed tensions sparked violence in mid-2015.

On 1 August 2019, President Filipe Nyusi and RENAMO leader Ossufo Momade signed a peace agreement at RENAMO's remote military base in the Gorongosa mountains in order to bring an end to hostilities. Most remaining RENAMO fighters afterward surrendered their weapons. Another peace agreement was then signed by Nyusi and Momade in Maputo's Peace Square on 6 August 2019. However, a splinter faction known as the "RENAMO Military Junta" (RMJ) continued its insurgency. By February 2021, most of the RMJ had surrendered, although a few holdouts remained in rural areas without launching further attacks. RMJ ceased to exist in December 2021, when its last members surrendered.