RIG-I

DDX58
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2LWD, 2LWE, 2QFB, 2QFD, 2RMJ, 2YKG, 3LRN, 3LRR, 3NCU, 3OG8, 3ZD6, 3ZD7, 4AY2, 4BPB, 4NQK, 4ON9, 4P4H, 5E3H, 5F98, 5F9F, 5F9H
Identifiers
Aliases	DDX58, DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 58, RIGI, RLR-1, SGMRT2, RIG-I, DEXD/H-box helicase 58, RIG1
External IDs	OMIM: 609631; MGI: 2442858; HomoloGene: 32215; GeneCards: DDX58; OMA:DDX58 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 9 (human)
End	32,526,208 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 4 (mouse)
End	40,239,828 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	buccal mucosa cell; ; skin of thigh; ; tendon of biceps brachii; ; white blood cell; ; monocyte; ; blood; ; Achilles tendon; ; granulocyte; ; internal globus pallidus; ; superficial temporal artery;
	Top expressed in
	granulocyte; ; mesenteric lymph nodes; ; lumbar spinal ganglion; ; otolith organ; ; utricle; ; jejunum; ; spleen; ; calvaria; ; epithelium of small intestine; ; zygote;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	nucleotide binding; helicase activity; zinc ion binding; metal ion binding; protein binding; single-stranded RNA binding; identical protein binding; RNA binding; double-stranded RNA binding; double-stranded DNA binding; hydrolase activity; ATP binding; nucleic acid binding; ubiquitin protein ligase binding;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; cell projection; membrane; bicellular tight junction; plasma membrane; ruffle membrane; cell junction; actin cytoskeleton; cytoskeleton; cytosol;
Biological process	regulation of cell migration; response to exogenous dsRNA; positive regulation of interferon-alpha production; immune system process; response to virus; cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway in response to virus; positive regulation of gene expression; positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production; positive regulation of interleukin-8 production; positive regulation of interleukin-6 production; negative regulation of type I interferon production; detection of virus; viral process; innate immune response; positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; RIG-I signaling pathway; regulation of type III interferon production; positive regulation of defense response to virus by host; positive regulation of interferon-beta production; protein deubiquitination; positive regulation of response to cytokine stimulus; cellular response to exogenous dsRNA; defense response to virus; positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity; positive regulation of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	23586
	230073
	ENSG00000107201
	ENSMUSG00000040296
	O95786
	Q6Q899
	NM_014314
	NM_172689
	NP_055129
	NP_766277
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene I) is a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that can mediate induction of a type-I interferon (IFN1) response. RIG-I is an essential molecule in the innate immune system for recognizing cells that have been infected with a virus. These viruses can include West Nile virus, Japanese Encephalitis virus, influenza A, Sendai virus, flavivirus, and coronaviruses.

RIG-I is an ATP-dependent DExD/H box RNA helicase that is activated by immunostimulatory RNAs from viruses as well as RNAs of other origins. RIG-I recognizes short double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in the cytosol with a 5' tri- or di-phosphate end or a 5' 7-methyl guanosine (m7G) cap (cap-0), but not RNA with a 5' m7G cap having a ribose 2′-O-methyl modification (cap-1). These are often generated during a viral infection but can also be host-derived. Once activated by the dsRNA, the N-terminus caspase activation and recruitment domains (CARDs) migrate and bind with CARDs attached to mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) to activate the signaling pathway for IFN1.

Type-I IFNs have three main functions: to limit the virus from spreading to nearby cells, promote an innate immune response, including inflammatory responses, and help activate the adaptive immune system. Other studies have shown that in different microenvironments, such as in cancerous cells, RIG-I has more functions other than viral recognition. RIG-I orthologs are found in mammals, geese, ducks, some fish, and some reptiles. RIG-I is in most cells, including various innate immune system cells, and is usually in an inactive state. Knockout mice that have been designed to have a deleted or non-functioning RIG-I gene are not healthy and typically die embryonically. If they survive, the mice have serious developmental dysfunction. The stimulator of interferon genes STING antagonizes RIG-I by binding its N-terminus, probably as to avoid overactivation of RIG-I signaling and the associated autoimmunity.