RS-28 Sarmat

RS-28 Sarmat (РС-28 Сармат)
RS-28 Sarmat (РС-28 Сармат)
	Successful launch of Sarmat ICBM held at Plesetsk Cosmodrome
Type	Superheavy Intercontinental ballistic missile
Place of origin	Russia
Service history
In service	2023
Used by	Strategic Rocket Forces
Production history
Designer	Makeyev Rocket Design Bureau
Manufacturer	KrasMash, Zlatoust MZ, NPO Energomash, NPO Mashinostroyeniya, KBKhA
Specifications
Mass	208.1 tonnes
Length	35.3 m
Diameter	3 m
Warhead	Thermonuclear Avangard Hypersonic Glide Vehicles; Up to 16 warheads of various types;
Engine	Three-stage liquid-fuel rocket; First stage: PDU-99 (RD-274 derived);
Propellant	Liquid
Operational; range	18,000 kilometres (11,000 mi); 35,000 km sub-orbital flight with FOBS technology (artificially limited by Russia in accordance with Outer Space Treaty);
Guidance; system	Inertial guidance, GLONASS, Astro-inertial
Launch; platform	Silo

The RS-28 Sarmat (Russian: РС-28 Сармат, named after the Sarmatians; NATO reporting name: SS-X-29 or SS-X-30), often colloquially referred to as Satan II by media outlets, is a three-stage Russian silo-based, liquid-fueled, HGV-capable and FOBS-capable super-heavy intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) produced by the Makeyev Rocket Design Bureau. It is intended to replace the Soviet R-36M ICBM in Russia's arsenal.

The Sarmat is one of six new Russian strategic weapons unveiled by Russian president Vladimir Putin on 1 March 2018. The RS-28 Sarmat made its first test flight on 20 April 2022. On 16 August 2022, a state contract was signed for the manufacture and supply of the Sarmat strategic missile system. The missile officially entered operational service in September 2023, as the world's longest range and most powerful extant ICBM system. Despite the Russian claims that the missile is on 'combat alert', since its 2022 flight test, it has experienced four failed tests, the most recent on 21 September 2024.