Rail transport in Indonesia
| Rail transport in Indonesia | |
|---|---|
Argo Parahyangan train in Tambun | |
| Operation | |
| National railway | Kereta Api Indonesia |
| Statistics | |
| Ridership | 429.2 million (2019) |
| Freight | 995.5 million tonnes (2015, as of October) |
| System length | |
| Total | 8,260 kilometres (5,130 mi) |
| Electrified | 621 kilometres (386 mi) |
| Track gauge | |
| Main | 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) |
| Standard gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 107.7 kilometres (66.9 mi) |
| Electrification | |
| Main | 1.5 kV DC overhead line, 25 kV AC 50Hz overhead line, 750 V DC third rail |
| Features | |
| Longest tunnel | Sasaksaat Tunnel (active) 949 m (3,114 ft) Wilhelmina Tunnel (inactive) 1,116 m (3,661 ft) |
| Longest bridge | Cikubang Bridge (active) 300 m (980 ft) Cikacepit Bridge (inactive) 310 m (1,020 ft) |
| Highest elevation | 848 m (2,782 ft) 1,246 m (4,088 ft) |
| at | Nagreg railway station (active) Cikajang railway station (inactive) |
| Lowest elevation | 1 m (3 ft 3 in) |
| at | Surabaya Pasar Turi railway station |
The majority of Indonesia's railways are on Java, used for both passenger and freight transport. There are three noncontinuous railway networks in Sumatra (Aceh and North Sumatra; West Sumatra; South Sumatra and Lampung) and a single operational line in South Sulawesi. Indonesia has finalized its plan for a national railway network recently. According to the plan, 3,200 km of train tracks will crisscross the islands of Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi. It has been touted as the most extensive railway project in Indonesia since its independence from the Dutch in 1945. Indonesia targets to extend the national railway network to 10,524 kilometres by 2030. As of September 2022, the network spans 7,032 km.
Urban railway exist in form of commuter rail in all provinces and metropolitan areas of Java – notably in Jakarta – as well as Medan, North Sumatra. New mass rapid transit and light rail transit system are currently being introduced in Jakarta and Palembang, South Sumatra.
Despite Indonesia having a left-hand running for roads, most of the railway lines use right-hand running due to Dutch legacy.
Indonesia's rail gauge is 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in), although 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in), 750 mm (2 ft 5+1⁄2 in), and 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) lines previously existed. Newer constructions in Sumatra, including Aceh, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua, along with the Jabodebek LRT, Jakarta LRT, and Jakarta-Bandung HSR, are using the 1,435 mm gauge. Most of the Jakarta metropolitan area is electrified at 1500 V DC overhead.
Indonesia's railways are primarily operated by the state-owned Kereta Api Indonesia (KAI), its commuter subsidiary KAI Commuter, and the airport rail link subsidiary KAI Bandara. The majority of the railway infrastructure is owned by the Directorate General of Railways of the Ministry of Transportation, and railway companies pay a "track access charge" fee for using the railways.
Various narrow gauge industrial tramways operate in Java and Sumatra, serving the sugarcane and oil palm industries.