Republic of Baden
| Republic of Baden Republik Baden | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State of Germany | |||||||||||
| 1918–1945 | |||||||||||
The Republic of Baden (red) within the Weimar Republic | |||||||||||
| Anthem | |||||||||||
| Badnerlied | |||||||||||
| Capital | Karlsruhe | ||||||||||
| Area | |||||||||||
| • Coordinates | 48°18′N 7°46′E / 48.300°N 7.767°E | ||||||||||
• 1925 | 15,070 km2 (5,820 sq mi) | ||||||||||
| Population | |||||||||||
• 1925 | 2,312,462 | ||||||||||
| Government | |||||||||||
| • Type | Republic | ||||||||||
| President | |||||||||||
• 1918–1920 (first) | Anton Geiß | ||||||||||
• 1933–1945 (last) | Walter Köhler (Minister-President) | ||||||||||
| Reichsstatthalter | |||||||||||
• 1933–1945 | Robert Wagner | ||||||||||
| Legislature | Landtag | ||||||||||
| Historical era | Interwar · World War II | ||||||||||
• Established | 14 November 1918 | ||||||||||
• Constitution enacted | 13 April 1919 | ||||||||||
| 11 March 1933 | |||||||||||
• Abolition (de jure) | 19 September 1945 | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
| Today part of | Germany | ||||||||||
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The Republic of Baden (German: Republik Baden) was a German state during the Weimar Republic. It was formed as the successor to the Grand Duchy of Baden during the German revolution of 1918–1919 and formally dissolved in 1945. Today it is part of the federal state of Baden-Württemberg.
Workers' and soldiers' councils peacefully replaced the government of the Grand Duchy in November 1918. The people of Baden elected an assembly in January 1919 that passed a constitution giving Baden a single-chamber parliament that elected the president and government ministers from among its ranks. Until the end of the Weimar Republic, Baden was governed by coalitions of the Catholic Centre Party and other parties of the moderate left and right.
Much of the Republic of Baden was part of the post-World War I demilitarized zone along the Rhine, and small areas were occupied by the French for varying lengths of time until 1930. Baden saw two leftist uprisings in its early years, but overall it experienced relatively little political violence during the Weimar period.
The Republic of Baden ceased de facto to exist in March 1933 following the Nazi takeover, although it was not formally abolished until September 1945 under the post-World War II Allied occupation. After a number of reorganizations of territory in southwest Germany, it became part of Baden-Württemberg in 1952.