Ribavirin
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| Pronunciation | /ˌraɪbəˈvaɪrɪn/ RY-bə-VY-rin |
| Trade names | Copegus, Rebetol, Virazole, other |
| Other names | 1-(β-D-Ribofuranosyl)-1"H"-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide, tribavirin (BAN UK) |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a605018 |
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| Routes of administration | Oral, Inhalation |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 64% |
| Protein binding | 0% |
| Metabolism | liver and intracellularly |
| Elimination half-life | 298 hours (multiple dose); 43.6 hours (single dose) |
| Excretion | Urine (61%), faeces (12%) |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.164.587 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C8H12N4O5 |
| Molar mass | 244.207 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
| Melting point | 166 to 168 °C (331 to 334 °F) |
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Ribavirin, also known as tribavirin, is an antiviral medication used to treat illness caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, as well as some viral hemorrhagic fevers. For HCV, it is used in combination with other medications, such as simeprevir, sofosbuvir, peginterferon alfa-2b or peginterferon alfa-2a. It can also be used for viral hemorrhagic fevers—specifically, for Lassa fever, Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever, and Hantavirus infections (with exceptions for Ebola or Marburg virus diseases). Ribavirin is usually taken orally (by mouth) or inhaled. Despite widespread usage, it has faced scrutiny in the 21st century because of lack of proven efficacy in treating viral infections for which it has been prescribed in the past.
Its common side effects include fatigue, headache, nausea, fever, muscle pains, and an irritable mood. Serious side effects include red blood cell breakdown, liver problems, and allergic reactions. Its use during pregnancy can bring harm to the developing fetus. Effective birth control is recommended for both males and females for at least seven months during and after use. The mechanism of action of ribavirin is not entirely clear.
Ribavirin was patented in 1971 and approved for medical use in 1986. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication.