Robert I, Duke of Parma

Robert I
Duke Robert I in 1900
Duke of Parma and Piacenza
Reign27 March 1854 – 9 June 1859
PredecessorCharles III
SuccessorMonarchy abolished;
RegentLouise Marie Thérèse d'Artois
Head of the House of Bourbon-Parma
Tenure9 June 1859 – 16 November 1907
PredecessorMonarchy abolished
SuccessorHenry
Born(1848-07-09)9 July 1848
Florence, Tuscany
Died16 November 1907(1907-11-16) (aged 59)
Viareggio, Italy
Spouses
(m. 1869; died 1882)
    Issue
    more...
    Marie Louise, Princess of Bulgaria
    Henry, Duke of Parma
    Joseph, Duke of Parma
    Elias, Duke of Parma
    Prince Sixtus
    Xavier, Duke of Parma
    Zita, Empress of Austria
    Felix, Prince Consort of Luxembourg
    Prince René
    Prince Gaetano
    HouseBourbon-Parma
    FatherCharles III, Duke of Parma
    MotherLouise Marie Thérèse d'Artois

    Robert I (Italian: Roberto Carlo Luigi Maria) (French: Robert Charles Louis Marie); 9 July 1848 – 16 November 1907) was the last sovereign Duke of Parma and Piacenza from 1854 until 1859, when the duchy was annexed to Sardinia-Piedmont during the Risorgimento. He was a member of the House of Bourbon-Parma and descended from Philip, Duke of Parma, the third son of King Philip V of Spain and Queen Elisabeth Farnese.