Russo-Turkish wars
| Russo-Turkish wars | |||||||||
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| Part of the Ottoman wars in Europe | |||||||||
Left-to-right from top: Siege of Ochakov (1737), Siege of Izmail (1790), Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855), Siege of Plevna (1877), Battle of Sarikamish (1914–1915), Battle of Erzurum (1916) | |||||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||||
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Tsardom of Russia (until 1721) Russian Empire (1721–1917) Russian Republic (1917) Russian SFSR (1917–1918) |
Ottoman Empire Vassals: Crimea Egypt | ||||||||
The Russo-Turkish wars (Russian: Русско-турецкие войны Rússko-Turétskiye vóiny), or the Russo-Ottoman wars (Turkish: Osmanlı-Rus savaşları), began in 1568 and continued intermittently until 1918. They consisted of twelve conflicts in total, making them one of the longest series of wars in the history of Europe. All but four of these wars ended in losses for the Ottoman Empire, which was undergoing a period of stagnation and decline. Conversely, they showcased the ascendancy of the Russian Empire as a significant European power after Peter the Great oversaw extensive modernization efforts in the early 18th century. Ultimately, however, the end of the Russo-Turkish wars came about with the dissolution of the two belligerents' respective states as a consequence of World War I: the Russian Empire collapsed in 1917 and was ultimately succeeded by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in 1922; while the Ottoman Empire was partitioned between 1918 and 1922 and succeeded by the Republic of Turkey in 1923.