SARS
| Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Sudden acute respiratory syndrome |
| Electron micrograph of SARS coronavirus virion | |
| Pronunciation |
|
| Specialty | Infectious disease |
| Symptoms | Fever, persistent dry cough, headache, muscle pains, difficulty breathing |
| Complications | Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with other comorbidities that eventually leads to death |
| Usual onset | 4–6 days post-exposure |
| Causes | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1) |
| Prevention | N95 or FFP2 respirators, ventilation, UVGI, avoiding travel to affected areas |
| Prognosis | 9.5% chance of death (all countries) |
| Frequency | 8,096 total confirmed cases (2002–2004), no new cases since 2004 |
| Deaths | 783 known |
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory disease of zoonotic origin caused by the virus SARS-CoV-1, the first identified strain of the SARS-related coronavirus. The first known cases occurred in November 2002, and the syndrome caused the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak. In 2004, Xue Wu Zhang and Yee Leng Yap found that the Spike 2 (S2) protein of SARS is structurally similar to HIV-1 gp41 subunit, suggesting an analogous membrane fusion mechanism between the two. In the 2010s, Chinese scientists traced the virus through the intermediary of Asian palm civets to cave-dwelling horseshoe bats in Xiyang Yi Ethnic Township, Yunnan.
SARS was a relatively rare disease; at the end of the epidemic in June 2003, the incidence was 8,422 cases with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 11%. No cases of SARS-CoV-1 have been reported worldwide since 2004.
In December 2019, a second strain of SARS-CoV was identified: SARS-CoV-2. This strain causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease behind the COVID-19 pandemic.