SS United States

SS United States at sea in the 1950s
History
United States
NameUnited States
Owner
OperatorUnited States Lines
Port of registryNew York City
Route
Ordered1949
BuilderNewport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company
Cost$71.8 million ($676 million in 2023)
Yard numberHull 488
Laid downFebruary 8, 1950
LaunchedJune 23, 1951
Sponsored byLucile Connally
ChristenedJune 23, 1951
Maiden voyageJuly 3, 1952
In service1952–1969
Out of serviceNovember 14, 1969
Identification
Nickname(s)Big U
StatusDocked in Mobile, to be turned into an artificial reef
General characteristics
TypeOcean liner
Tonnage53,329 GRT, 29,475 NRT
Displacement
  • 45,400 tons (designed)
  • 47,264 tons (maximum)
Length
  • 990 ft (302 m) (overall)
  • 940 ft (287 m) (waterline)
Beam101.5 ft (30.9 m) maximum
Height175 ft (53 m) (keel to funnel)
Draft
  • 31 ft 3 in (9.53 m) (design)
  • 32 ft 4 in (9.86 m) (maximum)
Decks12:16
Installed power
  • 240,000 shp (180,000 kW) (rated)
  • 247,785 shp (184,773 kW) (trials)
Propulsion
Speed
  • 30 kn (56 km/h; 35 mph) (service)
  • 38.32 kn (70.97 km/h; 44.10 mph) (trials)
  • 43 kn (80 km/h; 49 mph) (claimed)
Capacity1,972 passengers
Crew1,044 :16
SS United States (Steamship)
ArchitectWilliam Francis Gibbs
NRHP reference No.99000609
Added to NRHPJune 3, 1999

SS United States is a retired American ocean liner that was built during 1950 and 1951 for United States Lines. She is the largest ocean liner to be entirely constructed in the United States and the fastest ocean liner to cross the Atlantic Ocean in either direction, earning the Blue Riband for the highest average speed since her maiden voyage in 1952, a title that remains uncontested.

The ship was designed by American naval architect William Francis Gibbs and could have been converted into a troopship if required by the United States Navy in time of war. The ship served as a US icon, transporting celebrities and immigrants throughout her career between 1952 and 1969. Her design included innovations in steam propulsion, hull form, fire safety, and damage control. Despite her record speed, passenger counts declined in the mid-1960s due to the rise in jet-propelled trans-Atlantic flights.

Following the financial collapse of United States Lines, United States was withdrawn from service in a surprise announcement in 1969. All planned cruises were canceled, and the ship changed owners repeatedly for the next several decades. Every owner attempted to make the ship profitable, but she was aging and poorly maintained. In 1984, her interior furnishings were sold at auction, and the rest of her interiors were stripped to the bulkheads in 1994. In 1996, she was towed to Philadelphia, where she remained until February 2025.

Since 2009, the SS United States Conservancy has been raising funds in an attempt to save the ship from being scrapped. The group purchased her in 2011 and has created several unrealized plans to restore the ship. Due to a rent dispute, in 2024, the ship was evicted from her pier. Because no other locations for the ship could be found, Okaloosa County, Florida, bought her and plans to sink her by 2026 near Destin to become the world's largest artificial reef. Despite this, conservation efforts continue with a new group planning on buying the ocean liner.