Saint John, New Brunswick
Saint John | |
|---|---|
| The City of Saint John | |
Skyline of Uptown Saint John Germain Street row houses | |
| Nicknames: | |
| Motto(s): "O Fortunati Quorum Jam Moenia Surgunt" (Latin for, "O Fortunate Ones Whose Walls Are Now Rising." or "O Happy They, Whose Promised Walls Already Rise") | |
| Coordinates: 45°16′50″N 66°04′34″W / 45.28056°N 66.07611°W | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | New Brunswick |
| Historic countries | Kingdom of France Kingdom of Great Britain United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland |
| County | Saint John |
| Parish | City of Saint John |
| Founded on | June 24, 1604 |
| Major Settlement Started | 1783 |
| Incorporation | May 18, 1785 |
| Named after | Saint John River |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Donna Reardon |
| • Governing body | Saint John City Council |
| • MPs | Wayne Long (Lib.) |
| • MLAs |
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| Area | |
| • Land | 315.59 km2 (121.85 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 70.05 km2 (27.05 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 3,505.66 km2 (1,353.54 sq mi) |
| Highest elevation | 80.8 m (265.1 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Population (2021) | |
| 69,895 | |
| • Density | 221.5/km2 (574/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 63,447 |
| • Urban density | 905.8/km2 (2,346/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 130,613 |
| • Metro density | 37.3/km2 (97/sq mi) |
| • City Pop 2016–2021 | 3.4% |
| • Dwellings | 33,908 |
| Demonym(s) | Saint Johner, Saint-Jeannois(e), Johner (colloquial) |
| Time zone | UTC– 04:00 (AST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC– 03:00 (ADT) |
| Canadian Postal code | E2H, E2J, E2K, E2L, E2M, E2N, E2P, E2R, and E2S |
| Area code | 506 and 428 |
| Telephone exchanges | 202, 214, 333, 343, 557–8, 592, 608, 631–640, 642–654, 657–8, 663, 672, 674, 693–4, 696, 721, 977 |
| Highways | Route 1 Route 7 Route 100 Route 111 Route 820 Route 825 |
| NTS Map | 21G8 Saint John |
| GNBC Code | DAEGW |
| GDP (Saint John CMA) | CA$6.4 billion (2016) |
| GDP per capita (Saint John CMA) | CA$51,021 (2016) |
| Website | saintjohn |
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Saint John (French: Saint-Jean) is a seaport city located on the Bay of Fundy in the province of New Brunswick, Canada. It is Canada's oldest incorporated city, established by royal charter on May 18, 1785, during the reign of George III. The Port of Saint John is Canada's third-largest by tonnage with a cargo base that includes dry and liquid bulk, break bulk, containers, and cruise. The city has a strong industrial base, including oil refining and manufacturing, matched with finance and tourism sectors and research institutions such as the New Brunswick Museum and the University of New Brunswick. Saint John was the most populous in New Brunswick until the 2016 census, when it was overtaken by Moncton. It is currently the second-largest city in the province, with a population of 69,895 over an area of 315.59 km2 (121.85 sq mi).
French explorer Samuel de Champlain landed at Saint John Harbour on June 24, 1604, the feast of St. John the Baptist, and named the Saint John River in his honour; the indigenous Mi'kmaq and Wolastoqiyik peoples called the river "Wolastoq". The Saint John area was an important area for trade and defence for Acadia during the French colonial era, and Fort La Tour, in the city's harbour, was a pivotal battleground during the Acadian Civil War.
After more than a century of ownership disputes between the French and English over the land surrounding Saint John, the British government deported the Acadians in 1755 following the destruction of Fort Menagoueche, which was reconstructed as Fort Frederick. Following the pillaging and burning of Fort Frederick by American privateers, Fort Howe was constructed across the river above the harbour in 1779. In 1785, the City of Saint John was established by uniting the two communities of Parr-town and Carleton on either side of the harbour after the arrival of thousands of refugees from the newly founded United States who wished to remain British after the American Revolution. During the next century, immigration via Partridge Island, especially during the Great Famine, would fundamentally change the city's demographics and culture.