St. Louis County, Missouri

Saint Louis County
Clayton, the St. Louis County seat
Location within the U.S. state of Missouri
Missouri's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 38°38′26.477″N 90°26′45.862″W / 38.64068806°N 90.44607278°W / 38.64068806; -90.44607278
Country United States
State Missouri
FoundedOctober 1, 1812
SeatClayton
Largest cityFlorissant
Government
  County executiveSam Page (D)
Area
  Total
523.366 sq mi (1,355.51 km2)
  Land507.995 sq mi (1,315.70 km2)
  Water15.371 sq mi (39.81 km2)  2.9%
Population
 (2020)
  Total
1,004,125
  Estimate 
(2023)
987,059
  Density1,943.527/sq mi (750.400/km2)
Time zoneUTC−6 (Central)
  Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional districts1st, 2nd
Websitestlouiscountymo.gov

St. Louis County is located in eastern Missouri. It is bounded by the City of St. Louis and the Mississippi River to the east, the Missouri River to the north, and the Meramec River to the south. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,004,125, making it the most populous county in Missouri, and was estimated to be 987,059 in 2023. Its county seat is Clayton. The county is included in the St. Louis, MO–IL metropolitan statistical area.

After Great Britain took over former French territory east of the Mississippi River, many ethnic French colonists moved west. They settled the area of St. Louis County and founded the city of St. Louis in the late 1700s. The US acquired this territory in 1803 with the Louisiana Purchase.

In 1877 residents of the City of St. Louis voted to separate from the county and become an independent city. In the 1960s, with growing suburban development of Greater St. Louis, the county's population overtook that of the city for the first time. Restructuring of industry resulted in job and population declines in the city, and the county has continued to expand.

Through the decades changing conditions have led many business and political leaders to propose merging the city and county as a single government. In 2019, efforts to put the issue to a statewide vote failed to get on a ballot.