Sheriff of the City of London

Two Sheriffs of the City of London are elected annually by the members of the City livery companies. Today's Sheriffs have only ceremonial duties, but the historical officeholders held important judicial responsibilities. They have attended the justices at the Central Criminal Court, Old Bailey, since its original role as the court for the City and Middlesex.

The Sheriffs reside at the Old Bailey during their year of service, so that one of them can always be attendant on the judges. In Court No. 1 the bench's principal chairs are reserved for their and the Lord Mayor's use, with the Sword of the City hanging behind the bench. It is an invariable custom that the Lord Mayor of London must previously have served as Sheriff. To become a Sheriff, one must be lawfully entitled to armorial bearings by proving their right by descent, whilst those not armigerous by birth can apply for a grant from the College of Arms to run for office.

By "custom of immemorial usage in the City", the City liverymen elect two Sheriffs at Midsummer Common Hall by acclamation, unless a ballot is demanded from the floor, taking place within fourteen days. The returning officers at Common Hall in Guildhall are the Recorder of London (the Central Criminal Court senior circuit judge) and the outgoing Sheriffs.

As elected officers from the 7th century (excepting 1067 to 1132), the Sheriffs' jurisdiction covers the City's Square Mile, as well as Middlesex from the Middle Ages until the 1890s. The High Sheriff of Greater London, created in 1965, now covers the areas of London surrounding the City.