Sinai insurgency

Islamist Insurgency in the Sinai Peninsula
	Part of terrorism in Egypt, the Egyptian Crisis, and the Arab Winter
	; Map of the Sinai Peninsula; (for a more detailed map of the current military situation in Sinai, see here)
Date	5 February 2011 – 25 January 2023; (11 years, 11 months, 2 weeks and 6 days)
Location	Sinai Peninsula, Egypt
Result	Egyptian victory ISIS militants turn to low-level insurgency; By 2023 the Egyptian branch of ISIS appeared to be completely dormant;
Belligerents
Egypt Central Security Forces; Egyptian Ministry of the Interior National Security Service; National Police; ; Egyptian Army; Sinai Tribal Union; ; Supported by United Arab Emirates (training, counterterrorism missions); ;	Islamists: Ansar Bait al-Maqdis (until late 2014); Al-Qaeda Tawhid al-Jihad; Al-Qaeda in Sinai Peninsula (2011–2018); Abdullah Azzam Brigades; Ansar al-Sharia (until 2018); ; Hasm Movement; Bedouin tribesmen; Jund al-Islam (until 2020); Al-Mourabitoun; Popular Resistance Movement; Takfir wal-Hijra; Army of Islam; Al Furqan Brigades; Soldiers of Egypt (until 2015); ; Islamic State (from 2014) Wilayat Sinai; Mujahideen Shura Council (until 2023);
Commanders and leaders
Abdel Fattah el-Sisi; Mostafa Madbouly; Mahmoud Tawfik; Mohamed Ahmed Zaki; Osama Askar; Ashraf Ibrahim Atwa; Mohamed Hegazy Abdul Mawgoud Former Hosni Mubarak ; Mohamed Morsi ; Adly Mansour ; Ahmed Shafik ; Essam Sharaf ; Kamal Ganzouri ; Hesham Qandil (POW) ; Hazem El Beblawi ; Ibrahim Mahlab ; Sherif Ismail ; Mahmoud Wagdy ; Mansour el-Essawy ; Mohamed Youssef Ibrahim ; Ahmed Gamal El Din ; Mohamed Ibrahim Moustafa ; Magdy Abdel Ghaffar ; Mohamed Hussein Tantawi ; Sedki Sobhy ; Sami Hafez Anan ; Mahmoud Hegazy ; Mohammed Farid Hegazy ; Mohab Mamish ; Osama El-Gendi ; Osama Mounir Rabie ; Ahmed Khaled Hassan Saeed ; Reda Mahmoud Hafez Mohamed ; Younes Hamed ; Mohamed Abbas Helmy ; Abd El Aziz Seif-Eldeen ; Abdul Meniem Al-Toras ; Aly Fahmy Mohammed Aly Fahmi ;	Al-Qaeda Muhammad al-Zawahiri (POW); Abd El-Fattah Salem (POW); Fayez Abu-Sheta †; Youssif Abo-Ayat †; Saed Abo-Farih † ; Islamic State Abu Hajar al-Hashemi (ISIL Emir of Wilayat Sinai); Salim Salma Said Mahmoud al-Hamadin †; Abu Osama al-Masri †; Shadi el-Manaei; Selim Suleiman Al‑Hara †; Abu Kazem al-Maqdisi † ;
Strength
Total: 25,000 (41 battalions)	Total: ≈12,000 ISIL: 1,000–1,500
Casualties and losses
3,277 killed (2013‑2022); 12,280 injured (2013‑2022); IDF: 4 killed; Hamas: 3 killed	4,059–5,189+ killed;
	Civilian fatalities: 1,539+ Egyptian, 219 Russians, 4 Ukrainians, 1 Belarusian, 3 South Koreans, 3 Vietnamese, 2 Germans, 1 Croatian; Total: 10,000+ killed

The Sinai insurgency was an insurgency campaign in the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt launched by Islamist militants against Egyptian security forces, which also included attacks on civilians. The insurgency began during the Egyptian Crisis, during which the longtime Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak was overthrown in the 2011 Egyptian revolution.

The campaign initially consisted of militants, mainly local Bedouin tribesmen, who exploited the chaotic situation in Egypt to launch a series of attacks on government forces in Sinai. In 2014, members of the Ansar Bait al-Maqdis group pledged allegiance to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, or ISIS) and proclaimed themselves Sinai Province, with some security officials stating that militants based in Libya established ties with the Sinai Province group and blaming the porous border and ongoing civil war for the increase in sophisticated weapons available to the Islamist groups.

Egyptian authorities attempted to restore their presence in the Sinai through both political and military measures. The country launched two military operations, known as Operation Eagle in mid-2011 and Operation Sinai in mid-2012. In May 2013, after the abduction of Egyptian officers, violence in Sinai resurged. Following the overthrow in July 2013 of Egyptian president Mohamed Morsi, "unprecedented clashes" occurred.

Hundreds of homes were demolished and thousands of residents were evacuated as Egyptian troops built a buffer zone to halt the smuggling of weapons and militants to and from the Gaza Strip. A report compiled by a delegation from the National Council for Human Rights (NCHR) stated that the displaced families were suffering due to government negligence, unavailability of nearby schools, and a lack of health services. From the start of the conflict, dozens of civilians were killed, either in military operations or kidnapped, and then beheaded by militants. In November 2017, more than 300 Sufist worshippers were killed and over 100 injured in a terrorist attack on a mosque west of the city of Al-Arish.