Succinic semialdehyde

Succinic semialdehyde
Names
	Preferred IUPAC name 4-Oxobutanoic acid
Identifiers
CAS Number	692-29-5 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:16265 ;
ChemSpider	1080 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.155.728
KEGG	C00232 ;
MeSH	Succinic+semialdehyde
PubChem CID	1112;
UNII	M73BX3CPMU ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID00219231 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C4H6O3/c5-3-1-2-4(6)7/h3H,1-2H2,(H,6,7) Key: UIUJIQZEACWQSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/C4H6O3/c5-3-1-2-4(6)7/h3H,1-2H2,(H,6,7) Key: UIUJIQZEACWQSV-UHFFFAOYAS;
	SMILES O=CCCC(=O)O;
Properties
Chemical formula	C4H6O3
Molar mass	102.089 g/mol
Appearance	oil
Boiling point	135 °C (275 °F; 408 K) at 14 mmHg
Solubility in water	soluble in water, ethanol, benzene, diethyl ether
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Succinic semialdehyde (SSA) is a GABA and GHB metabolite. It is formed from GABA by the action of GABA transaminase (4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase) and further oxidised to become succinic acid, which enters TCA cycle. SSA is oxidized into succinic acid by the enzyme succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase, which uses NAD⁺ as a cofactor. When the oxidation of succinic semialdehyde to succinic acid is impaired, accumulation of succinic semialdehyde takes place which leads to succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency.

In addition to the pathway involving GABA transaminase, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) can also be metabolized to SSA via GHB dehydrogenase or by GHB transhydrogenase (D-2-hydroxyglutarate transhydrogenase).