THOC5

THOC5
Identifiers
Aliases	THOC5, C22orf19, Fmip, PK1.3, fSAP79, THO complex 5
External IDs	OMIM: 612733; MGI: 1351333; HomoloGene: 37836; GeneCards: THOC5; OMA:THOC5 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 22 (human)
End	29,555,216 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 11 (mouse)
End	4,878,867 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	gastric mucosa; ; stromal cell of endometrium; ; Achilles tendon; ; muscle layer of sigmoid colon; ; popliteal artery; ; tibial arteries; ; body of uterus; ; ascending aorta; ; right coronary artery; ; apex of heart;
	Top expressed in
	superior cervical ganglion; ; otic vesicle; ; neural layer of retina; ; interventricular septum; ; seminiferous tubule; ; spermatid; ; tail of embryo; ; spermatocyte; ; ventricular zone; ; epiblast;
	More reference expression data
	; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein binding; RNA binding; mRNA binding;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; THO complex; THO complex part of transcription export complex; transcription export complex; nucleus; nucleoplasm; nuclear chromosome;
Biological process	positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription, elongation; primitive hemopoiesis; mRNA processing; cell differentiation; mRNA transport; viral mRNA export from host cell nucleus; negative regulation of DNA damage checkpoint; monocyte differentiation; RNA splicing; RNA export from nucleus; mRNA export from nucleus; mRNA 3'-end processing;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	8563
	107829
	ENSG00000100296
	ENSMUSG00000034274
	Q13769
	Q8BKT7
	NM_001002877; NM_001002878; NM_001002879; NM_003678
	NM_172438
	NP_001002877; NP_001002878; NP_001002879; NP_003669
	NP_766026
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

THO complex subunit 5 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the THOC5 gene. THOCs is a member of THO complex which is a subcomplex of the transcription/export complex (TREX).

THOC5 is evolutionarily conserved in higher eukaryotes, however the exact roles of THOC5 in transcription and mRNA export are still unclear. THOC5 is phosphorylated by several protein kinases at multiple residues upon extracellular stimuli. These include stimulation with growth factors/cytokines/chemokines, or DNA damage reagents. Furthermore, THOC5 is a substrate for several oncogenic tyrosine kinases, suggesting that THOC5 may be involved in cancer development.

Recent THOC5 knockout mouse data reveal that THOC5 is an essential element in the maintenance of stem cells and growth factor/cytokine-mediated differentiation/proliferation. Furthermore, depletion of THOC5 influences less than 1% of total mRNA export in the steady state, however it influences more than 90% of growth factor/cytokine induced genes. THOC5, thereby contributes to the 3′ processing and/or export of immediate-early genes induced by extracellular stimuli. These studies bring new insight into the link between the mRNA export complex and immediate-early gene response. The data from these studies also suggest that THOC5 may be a useful tool for studying stem cell biology, for modifying the differentiation processes and for cancer therapy.