TP53-inducible glycolysis and apoptosis regulator

TIGAR
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	3DCY
Identifiers
Aliases	TIGAR, FR2BP, C12orf5, TP53 induced glycolysis regulatory phosphatase
External IDs	OMIM: 610775; MGI: 2442752; HomoloGene: 32473; GeneCards: TIGAR; OMA:TIGAR - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 12 (human)
End	4,360,028 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 6 (mouse)
End	127,086,520 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	monocyte; ; stromal cell of endometrium; ; testicle; ; gonad; ; skeletal muscle tissue; ; gastrocnemius muscle; ; right adrenal cortex; ; granulocyte; ; placenta; ; islet of Langerhans;
	Top expressed in
	knee joint; ; morula; ; substantia nigra; ; muscle of thigh; ; blastocyst; ; quadriceps femoris muscle; ; gastrocnemius muscle; ; skeletal muscle tissue; ; vastus lateralis muscle; ; medial head of gastrocnemius muscle;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein binding; catalytic activity; bisphosphoglycerate 2-phosphatase activity; hydrolase activity; fructose-2,6-bisphosphate 2-phosphatase activity;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; intracellular anatomical structure; mitochondrial outer membrane; mitochondrion; nucleus; cytosol;
Biological process	regulation of response to DNA damage checkpoint signaling; negative regulation of glycolytic process; response to drug; intestinal epithelial cell development; positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process; positive regulation of DNA repair; negative regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate; cellular response to DNA damage stimulus; fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolic process; autophagy; negative regulation of mitophagy; cellular response to cobalt ion; response to ischemia; fructose 2,6-bisphosphate metabolic process; regulation of pentose-phosphate shunt; negative regulation of programmed cell death; negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process; metabolism; response to gamma radiation; cellular response to hypoxia; positive regulation of hexokinase activity; negative regulation of neuron death; apoptotic process; dephosphorylation;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	57103
	319801
	ENSG00000078237
	ENSMUSG00000038028
	Q9NQ88
	Q8BZA9
	NM_020375
	NM_177003
	NP_065108
	NP_795977
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

The TP53-inducible glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) also known as fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase TIGAR is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the C12orf5 gene.

TIGAR is a recently discovered enzyme that primarily functions as a regulator of glucose breakdown in human cells. In addition to its role in controlling glucose degradation, TIGAR activity can allow a cell to carry out DNA repair, and the degradation of its own organelles. Finally, TIGAR can protect a cell from death. Since its discovery in 2005 by Kuang-Yu Jen and Vivian G. Cheung, TIGAR has become of particular interest to the scientific community thanks to its active role in many cancers. Normally, TIGAR manufactured by the body is activated by the p53 tumour suppressor protein after a cell has experienced a low level of DNA damage or stress. In some cancers, TIGAR has fallen under the control of other proteins. The hope is that future research into TIGAR will provide insight into new ways to treat cancer.

This gene is regulated as part of the p53 tumor suppressor pathway and encodes a protein with sequence similarity to the bisphosphate domain of the glycolytic enzyme that degrades fructose-2,6-bisphosphate. The protein functions by blocking glycolysis and directing the pathway into the pentose phosphate shunt. Expression of this protein also protects cells from DNA damaging reactive oxygen species and provides some protection from DNA damage-induced apoptosis. The 12p13.32 region that includes this gene is paralogous to the 11q13.3 region.