US-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)

US-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)
	Part of the War against the Islamic State (Operation Inherent Resolve), the War in Iraq (2013–2017), Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present), and the War on terror
	; An American F/A-18C Hornet aboard USS George H.W. Bush prior to the launch of operations over Iraq in 2014.
Date	15 June 2014 – 9 December 2021; (7 years, 5 months, 3 weeks and 3 days)
Location	Iraq
Result	Coalition and Iraqi victory Tens of thousands of ISIL fighters killed; 14,616 U.S. and allied airstrikes on ISIL positions in Iraq; Heavy damage dealt to ISIL forces; military defeat in Iraq; Iraq declares military victory against ISIL on 9 December 2017; Low-intensity ISIL insurgency following December 2017; Multinational humanitarian and arming of ground forces efforts; Ongoing U.S.–led Coalition advising and training of Iraqi and Kurdish ground forces; U.S.-led coalition forces begin discussing a withdrawal from Iraq following March 2020; U.S. maintains limited military presence, approximately 2,500 U.S. military personnel remain in Iraq as of December 2021, providing assistance, advice and training to Iraqi forces; Coalition ends combat mission in December 2021, but remain in an advisory and assistance capacity;
Territorial; changes	Iraqi government forces regain control of all parts of Iraq previously controlled by ISIL
Belligerents
Coalition of foreign countries:; CJTF–OIR United States; Australia; Belgium; Canada; (2014–16); Denmark; France; Germany; Italy; Jordan; Morocco; (2014–16); Netherlands; New Zealand; United Kingdom; Turkey; (2014–17); Local forces:; Iraq; Iraqi Armed Forces; ISOF; IrAF; Nineveh Plain Protection Units; Peshmerga;	Islamic State Of Iraq and The Levant; White Flags
Commanders and leaders
Barack Obama (2014–2017); Donald Trump (2017–2021); Joe Biden (2021); Chuck Hagel (2014–2015); Ashton Carter (2015–2017); James Mattis (2017–2019); Mark Esper (2019–2020); Lloyd Austin (2021); Joseph Votel; Stephen J. Townsend ; Gary J. Volesky ; Andrew J. Loiselle; David Cameron (2014–2016); Theresa May (2016–2019); Boris Johnson (2019–2021); Michael Fallon; Andrew Pulford; Nick Clegg; Stephen Harper (2014–2015); Justin Trudeau (2015–2016); Rob Nicholson; Harjit Sajjan; Thomas J. Lawson; Jonathan Vance; Yvan Blondin; Michael Hood; Tony Abbott (2014–2015); Malcolm Turnbull (2015–2018); Scott Morrison (2018–2021); Marise Payne; David Johnston; Trevor Jones; Tim Innes; François Hollande (2014–2017); Emmanuel Macron (2017–2021); Jean-Yves Le Drian; Pierre de Villiers; Helle Thorning-Schmidt; Lars Løkke Rasmussen; Peter Bartram; Angela Merkel; Ursula von der Leyen; Volker Wieker; Mark Rutte; Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert; Frans Timmermans; Sander Schnitger; Dennis Luyt; Recep Tayyip Erdoğan; Binali Yıldırım; Ahmet Davutoğlu; Vecdi Gönül; Necdet Özel; Hulusi Akar; King Abdullah II; Abdullah Ensour; Hani Al-Mulki; King Mohammed VI; Abdelilah Benkirane; Bouchaib Arroub Barham Salih (2018–2021); Fuad Masum (2014–2018); Nouri al-Maliki (2014); Haider al-Abadi (2014–2018); Adil Abdul-Mahdi (2014–2020); Mustafa al-Kadhimi (2020–2021); Masoud Barzani (2014–2017); Jaafar Sheikh Mustafa; Mustafa Said Qadir	Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi; Abu Hamza al-Qurashi ; Abu Fatima al-Jaheishi; Abu Jandal al-Masri ; Abu Yusaf; Abu Ahmad al-Alwani; Abu Muhammad al-Jazrawi; Sami Jasim Muhammad al-Jaburi (POW); Faysal Ahmad Ali al-Zahrani; Zulfi Hoxha; Abu Obeida Baghdad ; Bajro Ikanović; Ahlam al-Nasr; Abu Yasser al-Issawi † (Former deputy leader of ISIS); Omar Jawad al-Mashhadani † (Chief ISIS suicide attack organiser in Baghdad); Muthanna Shataran al-Marawi † (ISIS military commander in charge of the Al-Rutba region); Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi (Self-proclaimed Caliph) †; Abu Alaa Afri † ; (Deputy Leader of ISIL); Abu Mohammad al-Adnani † (Spokesperson); Abu Ayman al-Iraqi † (Head of Military Shura); Abu Suleiman al-Naser † (Replacement Military Chief); Abu Muslim al-Turkmani † (Deputy, Iraq); Abu Waheeb † (Top Anbar Commander); Abu Hajar al-Souri †; (Top Aide); Akram Qirbash † ; (Top ISIL judge) Ali Mohammed al-Shayer † (Senior ISIL Leader); Radwan Taleb al-Hamdouni † (Former top ISIL leader in Mosul); Hassan Saeed Al-Jabouri † (ISIL governor of Mosul); "Prince of Nineveh" † (top ISIL commander in Mosul); Abu-Jihad Abdullah Dlemi † (ISIL Emir of Fallujah); Abu Maria † (top ISIL leader in Tikrit); Sleiman Daoud al-Afari (POW) (ISIL chemical weapons chief)
Strength
United States: 5,200–6,000 troops ; 7,000 contractors ; USS George H.W. Bush carrier strike group ; USS Carl Vinson carrier strike group (replaced USS George H.W. Bush in late October) ; USS Theodore Roosevelt carrier strike group (replaced USS Carl Vinson in late March) ; F-15 Eagle, F-16 Fighting Falcon, F/A-18 Hornet, F/A-18 Super Hornet, AV-8B Harrier and F-22 Raptor fighter jets ; B-1 Lancer bomber aircraft ; EA-6B Prowler & EA-18G Growler electronic warfare aircraft. ; Boeing AH-64 Apache attack helicopters ; MQ-1 Predator, MQ-9 Reaper drones ; Australia: 400 RAAF personnel ; 200 special forces troops ; 300 regular soldiers (combined with 150 New Zealand soldiers) ; 6 F/A-18 Super Hornet ; 1 Boeing 737 AEW&C surveillance aircraft ; 1 KC-30A refueling plane ; C-130J Hercules & C-17A Globemaster transport aircraft ; Belgium: 6 F-16 Fighting Falcon fighters (withdrawn "due to financial constraints" in June 2015) ; 120 supporting troops (for the now withdrawn aircraft) ; 35 military advisers ; Canada: 600 Canadian Armed Forces personnel ; 100 special operations forces ; 6 McDonnell Douglas CF-18 Hornet ; 2 Lockheed CP-140 Aurora surveillance aircraft ; 1 Airbus CC-150 Polaris refueling tanker ; C-130J Hercules & C-17 Globemaster III transport aircraft ; Denmark: 7 F-16 Fighting Falcon fighters ; 1 C-130J Hercules transport aircraft ; 1 mobile radar station ; 400 troops (support, special forces and trainers) ; France: 1,000 armed forces ; 7 Dassault Rafale, 8 Mirage 2000 ; 1 Breguet Atlantique ; 1 French frigate Forbin (D620) ; Germany: 127 troops inside Iraq ; 6 Panavia Tornado Recce jets ; 1 Airbus A310 MRTT for in-flight refueling; Italy: 280 troops ; 4 Panavia Tornado ; 1 Boeing KC-767 for in-flight refueling ; 2 MQ-1 Predator ; Netherlands: 6 F-16 Fighting Falcon fighters + 2 spare ; 250 supporting troops ; 130 trainers for the Iraqi Army ; 2 Patriot missile batteries and 200 supporting troops in Turkey to defend its NATO ally against cross-border attacks. ; New Zealand: 10 military advisers. ; Spain: 300 trainers for the Iraqi Army ; 6 Patriot missile batteries and 130 supporting troops in Turkey to defend its NATO ally against cross-border attacks. ; United Kingdom: 1 Boeing RC-135 Reconnaissance aircraft ; 8 Tornado GR4 ground attack aircraft ; 2 armed MQ-9 Reaper ; 1 Type 45 destroyer ; 1 Trafalgar-class submarine (SSN) ; Special forces including the Special Air Service (SAS) and additional cargo aircraft and air-to-air tanker aircraft on standby in the area. ;	5,000–10,000 (UN Security Council 2019 report); ; 28,600–31,600 (2016 US Defense Department estimate); Around 100,000 fighters (according to Kurdistan Region Chief of Staff.); At least a few hundred tanks; 3 Drones
Casualties and losses
United States: 69 soldiers killed (including non-hostile); 2 HH-60 Pave Hawk helicopters crashed; 1 F-15 damaged; France: 1 soldier killed (possibly in Syria); United Kingdom: 1 servicemen killed; 2 civilians executed; Canada 1 soldier killed, 3 wounded (friendly fire); Saudi Arabia: 3 border guards killed; Turkey 4 Turkish soldiers wounded;	70,000+ killed (end of 2017); 32,000+ targets destroyed or damaged (including Syria; 2/3 of targets were hit in Iraq) (per Coalition sources) 164 tanks; 388 HMMWVs; 2,638 pieces of oil infrastructure; 1,000+ fuel tanker trucks;
	Estimated 6,000+ civilians killed by Coalition airstrikes in Iraq; At least 28,000 civilians killed by ISIL in Iraq, with potentially up to 20 thousand more. (per Iraqi Body Count)(UN); Over 550,000 civilians displaced

On 15 June 2014 U.S. President Barack Obama ordered United States forces to be dispatched in response to the Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014) of the Islamic State (IS), as part of Operation Inherent Resolve. At the invitation of the Iraqi government, American troops went to assess Iraqi forces and the threat posed by ISIL.

In early August 2014, ISIL began its Northern Iraq offensive. On 5 August, the United States started supplying the Kurdish Peshmerga forces with weapons. On 8 August, the United States began airstrikes against ISIL positions in Iraq. Nine other countries also launched airstrikes against ISIL, more or less in concert with Kurdish and Iraqi government ground troops. By December 2017, ISIL had no remaining territory in Iraq, following the 2017 Western Iraq campaign.

In addition to direct military intervention, the American-led coalition provided extensive support to the Iraqi Security Forces via training, intelligence, and personnel. The total cost of coalition support to the ISF, excluding direct military operations, was officially announced at ~$3.5 billion by March 2019. 189,000 Iraqi soldiers and police officers received training from coalition forces.

Despite U.S. objections, the Iraqi parliament demanded U.S. troops to withdraw in January 2020 following the deaths of Iraqi Deputy chief of the Popular Mobilization Units and popular Iranian Quds leader Qasem Soleimeni in a U.S. airstrike. It was also announced that both the U.K and Germany were cutting the size of troops in Iraq as well, In addition to withdrawing some of its troops, the U.K. pledged to completely withdraw from Iraq if asked to do so by the Iraqi government and Germany "temporarily thinned out" its bases in Baghdad and Camp Taji. Canada later joined in with the coalition withdrawal as well by transferring some of its troops stationed in Iraq to Kuwait. French and Australian forces stationed in the country have also objected to a withdrawal as well. The United Nations estimated in August 2020 that over 10,000 ISIL fighters remained in Iraq and Syria.

The coalition officially concluded its combat mission in Iraq in December 2021, but U.S. troops remain in Iraq to advise, train, and assist Iraqi security forces against the ongoing ISIL insurgency, including providing air support and military aid.