Umber
| Umber | |
|---|---|
| Color coordinates | |
| Hex triplet | #635147 |
| sRGBB (r, g, b) | (99, 81, 71) |
| HSV (h, s, v) | (21°, 28%, 39%) |
| CIELChuv (L, C, h) | (36, 15, 39°) |
| Source | ColorHexa |
| B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) | |
Umber is a natural earth pigment consisting of iron oxide and manganese oxide; it has a brownish color that can vary among shades of yellow, red, and green.: 39 Umber is considered one of the oldest pigments known to humans, first used in the Ajanta Caves from 200 BC to 600 AD.: 378 Umber's advantages are its highly versatile color, warm tone, and quick drying abilities.: 148–49 While some sources indicate that umber's name comes from its geographic origin in Umbria, other scholars suggest that it derives from the Latin word umbra, which means "shadow".: 250 The belief that its name derives from the word for shadow is fitting, as the color helps create shadows.: 250 The color is primarily produced in Cyprus.: 250 Umber is typically mined from open pits or underground mines and ground into a fine powder that is washed to remove impurities. In the 20th century, the rise of synthetic dyes decreased the demand for natural pigments such as umber.