Vietnam at the 2016 Summer Olympics

Vietnam competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. It marked the nation's ninth Olympic appearance, having notably skipped the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles due to the Soviet boycott. The Vietnam Olympic Committee (VOC) dispatched its largest delegation to a non-boycotting Olympic Games, with 23 athletes competing in 10 sports in Rio de Janeiro. Wrestler Vũ Thị Hằng withdrew due to injury a day before her match, reducing the number of competitors to 22. Badminton player Nguyễn Tiến Minh became the first sportsman to represent Vietnam in the Olympics three times in a row. Fencer Vũ Thành An was chosen by the committee to be Vietnam's flag bearer at the opening ceremony.

Vietnam concluded the Games with two medals, marking its most successful Olympic performance to date and achieving the medal target set by the VOC. Shooter Hoàng Xuân Vinh made history on 6 August 2016, by claiming the nation's first-ever gold medal in the men's 10 m air pistol. Four days later, on August 10, he won a silver medal in the 50 m pistol, emerging as Vietnam's most decorated Olympic athlete. Despite not winning a medal, Văn Ngọc Tú secured a historic first victory for a Vietnamese judoka in the women's 48 kg category, while Đỗ Thị Anh also scored the first winning match for a Vietnamese fencer. Nguyễn Thị Ánh Viên attended three events, the most for any Vietnamese competitors, and broke her own national record in the women's 400-meter individual medley. With its two medals, Vietnam ranked 48th on the medal table, tying with Bahrain.