Vistula
| Vistula | |
|---|---|
Vistula River drainage basin in Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, and Slovakia | |
| Native name | Wisła (Polish) |
| Location | |
| Country | Poland |
| Towns/Cities | Wisła, Oświęcim, Kraków, Sandomierz, Warsaw, Płock, Włocławek, Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Grudziądz, Tczew, Gdańsk |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| • location | Barania Góra, Silesian Beskids |
| • coordinates | 49°36′21″N 19°00′13″E / 49.60583°N 19.00361°E |
| • elevation | 1,106 m (3,629 ft) |
| Mouth | |
• location | Mikoszewo, Gdańsk Bay, Baltic Sea, Przekop channel near Świbno, Poland |
• coordinates | 54°21′42″N 18°57′07″E / 54.36167°N 18.95194°E |
• elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Length | 1,047 km (651 mi) |
| Basin size | 193,960 km2 (74,890 sq mi) |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Gdańsk Bay, Baltic Sea, Mikoszewo |
| • average | 1,080 m3/s (38,000 cu ft/s) |
| Basin features | |
| Tributaries | |
| • left | Nida, Pilica, Bzura, Brda, Wda |
| • right | Dunajec, Wisłoka, San, Wieprz, Narew, Drwęca |
The Vistula (/ˈvɪstjʊlə/; Polish: Wisła [ˈviswa] ⓘ) is the longest river in Poland and the ninth-longest in Europe, at 1,047 kilometres (651 miles) in length. Its drainage basin, extending into three other countries apart from Poland, covers 193,960 km2 (74,890 sq mi), of which 168,868 km2 (65,200 sq mi) is in Poland.
The Vistula rises at Barania Góra in the south of Poland, 1,220 meters (4,000 ft) above sea level in the Silesian Beskids (western part of Carpathian Mountains), where it begins with the White Little Vistula (Biała Wisełka) and the Black Little Vistula (Czarna Wisełka). It flows through Poland's largest cities, including Kraków, Sandomierz, Warsaw, Płock, Włocławek, Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Świecie, Grudziądz, Tczew and Gdańsk. It empties into the Vistula Lagoon (Zalew Wiślany) or directly into the Gdańsk Bay of the Baltic Sea with a delta of six main branches (Leniwka, Przekop, Śmiała Wisła, Martwa Wisła, Nogat and Szkarpawa).
The river has many associations with Polish culture, history and national identity. It is Poland's most important waterway and natural symbol, flowing through its two main cities (Kraków and Warsaw), and the phrase "Land on the Vistula" (Polish: kraj nad Wisłą) can be synonymous with Poland. Historically, the river was also important for the Baltic and German (Prussian) peoples.
The Vistula has given its name to the last glacial period that occurred in northern Europe, approximately between 100,000 and 10,000 BC, the Weichselian glaciation.