Vocal cord dysfunction

Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) is a condition affecting the vocal cords. It is characterized by abnormal closure of the vocal folds, which can result in significant difficulties and distress during breathing, particularly during inhalation.

Due to the similarity in symptoms, VCD attacks are often mistaken for asthma attacks or laryngospasms. Symptoms of VCD are not always present. Rather, they often occur as episodic "attacks," where the patient will be symptomatic for a short period. Although several contributing factors have been identified, the exact cause of VCD is unknown.

Diagnosis of VCD may include a series of evaluations, including pulmonary function tests, medical imaging, and the evaluation or visualization of the vocal folds during an episode through the use of videolaryngoscopy. Such evaluations can also help to rule out other conditions that can affect the upper and lower airways. Treatment of VCD often combines behavioral, medical, and psychological approaches, most often including an otolaryngologist, a psychologist, and a speech-language pathologist. Although information on the incidence and prevalence of VCD is limited, it is known to occur most frequently in young women.