War in the Sahel

War in the Sahel
Part of the war on terror and spillover of the Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)

Map showing areas where the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara was active in 2021
Date15 February 2011 – present
(14 years, 4 months)
Location
Sahel (mainly Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger), with spillovers in Benin, Togo, Mauritania, Algeria and Ivory Coast
Status

Ongoing

Belligerents

Alliance of Sahel States

Benin
Togo
Ivory Coast
Algeria
Mauritania


Supported by:
Africa Corps (since 2021)
Turkey (since 2022)
France (2013-2023)
United States (until 2024)
MINUSMA (2013-2023)
AFISMA (2012-2013)
G5 Sahel (until 2023)

Azawad Liberation Front


Nigerien anti-coup movement:

Former belligerents:
Commanders and leaders

Assimi Goïta
Ibrahim Traoré
Abdourahamane Tchiani
Patrice Talon
Fauré Gnassingbé
Alassane Ouattara
Abdelmadjid Tebboune
Mohamed Ould Ghazouani

Amadou Koufa
Iyad Ag Ghaly
Sedane Ag Hita
Djaffar Dicko


Abu al-Bara' al-Sahrawi
Alghabass Ag Intalla
Bilal Ag Acherif
Rhissa Ag Boula
Fahad Ag Almahmoud 
Strength
Total armed forces:
 Mali: 7,350
AFISMA: 2,900
 Niger: 12,000
 Chad: 30,350
 France: 5,100 deployed in the Sahel
Supported by:
 United States: 1,325+ advisors, trainers

JNIM: Up to 6,000
MUJAO: ~500
Al-Mourabitoun: Fewer than 100
Ansar Dine: 300–10,000


Unknown
Casualties and losses
Unknown Unknown Unknown
47,880+ people killed
25,806+ killed (2023—present)
3 million displaced

A war in the Sahel region of West Africa has been ongoing since the 2011 Arab Spring. In particular, the intensive conflict in the three countries of Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso has been referred to as the Sahel War.

The conflict is generally seen to have begun during the early stages of the Mali War, which itself was seen as a spillover conflict of the Insurgency in the Maghreb. As Islamist Tuareg rebels overran Mali in 2012, a concurrent insurgency in Nigeria, led by Boko Haram, began to spread to nearby countries. By 2015, the Mali war had spread to Burkina Faso and Niger, which led to heavy fighting and humanitarian crises in both countries.

The conflict in Nigeria also reached a climax before a 2015 coalition offensive forced insurgents into remission. By 2019, the effects of the region-wide conflict began to accelerate due to resentment within the populace and due to alleged inability to handle the conflict. These views led to a series of coups in Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Sudan, Chad and Guinea, which led to the region being labeled a 'coup belt'.