1Malaysia Development Berhad

1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB; Malay: [ˈsatu maˈlajʃa dɛˈvɛlɔpmɛn(t) bərˈɦad]) is an insolvent Malaysian strategic development company, wholly owned by the Minister of Finance (Incorporated).

In 2015, the company became the subject of a major international corruption scandal, with evidence pointing to money laundering, fraud, and theft. A lawsuit filed by United States Department of Justice (DOJ), alleged that at least US$3.5 billion has been stolen from Malaysia's 1MDB state-owned fund. US attorney-general Jeff Sessions had described it in an international conference as "kleptocracy at its worst". In September 2020, the alleged amount stolen had been raised to US$4.5 billion and a Malaysian government report listed 1MDB's outstanding debts to be at US$7.8 billion. The scandal implicated Malaysian prime minister Najib Razak, contributing to the 2018 election loss of his party and his eventual trial and imprisonment.

As of 6 August 2022, in an ongoing effort to fight global kleptocracy, the U.S. Department of Justice recovered and returned a total of US$1.2 billion of 1MDB funds misappropriated within U.S. jurisdiction to the people of Malaysia, joining a list of several countries which have initiated recovery or that have already repatriated smaller recovered amounts.