1278
| Years | 
|---|
| Millennium | 
| 2nd millennium | 
| Centuries | 
| Decades | 
| Years | 
| 1278 by topic | 
|---|
| Leaders | 
| 
 | 
| Birth and death categories | 
| Births – Deaths | 
| Establishments and disestablishments categories | 
| Establishments – Disestablishments | 
| Art and literature | 
| 1278 in poetry | 
| Gregorian calendar | 1278 MCCLXXVIII | 
| Ab urbe condita | 2031 | 
| Armenian calendar | 727 ԹՎ ՉԻԷ | 
| Assyrian calendar | 6028 | 
| Balinese saka calendar | 1199–1200 | 
| Bengali calendar | 684–685 | 
| Berber calendar | 2228 | 
| English Regnal year | 6 Edw. 1 – 7 Edw. 1 | 
| Buddhist calendar | 1822 | 
| Burmese calendar | 640 | 
| Byzantine calendar | 6786–6787 | 
| Chinese calendar | 丁丑年 (Fire Ox) 3975 or 3768 — to — 戊寅年 (Earth Tiger) 3976 or 3769 | 
| Coptic calendar | 994–995 | 
| Discordian calendar | 2444 | 
| Ethiopian calendar | 1270–1271 | 
| Hebrew calendar | 5038–5039 | 
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1334–1335 | 
| - Shaka Samvat | 1199–1200 | 
| - Kali Yuga | 4378–4379 | 
| Holocene calendar | 11278 | 
| Igbo calendar | 278–279 | 
| Iranian calendar | 656–657 | 
| Islamic calendar | 676–677 | 
| Japanese calendar | Kenji 4 / Kōan 1 (弘安元年) | 
| Javanese calendar | 1188–1189 | 
| Julian calendar | 1278 MCCLXXVIII | 
| Korean calendar | 3611 | 
| Minguo calendar | 634 before ROC 民前634年 | 
| Nanakshahi calendar | −190 | 
| Thai solar calendar | 1820–1821 | 
| Tibetan calendar | 阴火牛年 (female Fire-Ox) 1404 or 1023 or 251 — to — 阳土虎年 (male Earth-Tiger) 1405 or 1024 or 252 | 
Year 1278 (MCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.