Ahmad Shah Durrani

Ahmad Shah Durrani
احمد شاه دراني
Ahmad Shah Durrani; احمد شاه دراني
Padishah; Ghazi; Shāh Durr-i-Durrān ("King, Pearl of Pearls")
	Portrait of Ahmad Shah Durrani, c. 1757, Bibliothèque nationale de France
Afghan emperor
Reign	July 1747 – 4 June 1772
Coronation	July 1747
Predecessor	Office established; (Nader Shah as the Shah of Iran)
Successor	Timur Shah Durrani
Born	Ahmad Khan Abdali; 1720–1722; Herat or Multan
Died	4 June 1772 (aged 49–52); Maruf, Durrani Empire
Burial	June 1772; Tomb of Ahmad Shah Durrani, Kandahar
Spouse	; Hazrat Begum (m. 1757) Iffat-un-Nissa Begum (m. 1757)
Issue	Timur Shah; Sulayman Shah; 5 other sons
Dynasty	House of Durrani
Father	Zaman Khan
Mother	Zarghona Anaa
Religion	Sunni Islam
Military career
Allegiance	Afsharid Empire; Durrani Empire
Branch	Persian Army; Afghan Army
Years of service	1738–1772
Rank	Sipahi, Ispahsalar, Emir, Shah
Battles / wars	List Nader Shah's invasion of India; Khyber Pass (1738); Karnal (1739); Delhi (1739); Ottoman–Persian War (1743–1746); Quchan (1747); Farah (1747); Qalati Ghilji (1747); Ghazni (1747); Kabul (1747); Indian campaign of Ahmad Shah Durrani; Lahore (1748); Manupur (1748); Khorasan (1750—1751); Herat (1749–1750); Mashhad (1750); Nishapur (1750); Lahore (1752); Khorasan (1754–1755); Tabas (1754); Mashhad (1754); Nishapur (1755); Sack of Delhi (1757); Gokul (1757); Mastung (1758); Kalat (1758); Afghan–Maratha War; Taraori (1759); Barari Ghat (1760); Sikandarabad (1760); Aligarh (1760); Samalkha (1760); Meerut (1760); Panipat III (1761); Kup (1762); Barnala (1762); Pipli Sahib (1762); Ravi (1762); Qarawal (1764); Amritsar (1764); Jalandhar Doab (1765); Rupar Ghat (1765); Sutlej (1765); Nurmahal (1765); Kapurthala (1765); Beas (1765); Bukharan war (1768) ;

Ahmad Shāh Durrānī (Pashto: احمد شاه دراني; Persian: احمد شاه درانی; c. 1720–1722 – 4 June 1772), also known as Ahmad Shāh Abdālī (Pashto: احمد شاه ابدالي), was the first ruler and founder of the Durrani Empire. He is often regarded as the founder of modern Afghanistan.

Throughout his reign, Ahmad Shah fought over fifteen major military campaigns. Nine of them being centered in India, three in Khorasan, and three in Afghan Turkestan. Having rarely lost a battle, historians widely recognize Ahmad Shah as a brilliant military leader and tactician, typically being compared to rulers such as Mahmud of Ghazni, Babur, and as well as Nader Shah. Historian Hari Ram Gupta refers to Ahmad Shah as the "greatest general of Asia of his time", as well as one of the greatest conquerors in Asian history.

Ahmad Shah Durrani احمد شاه دراني
Padishah Ghazi Shāh Durr-i-Durrān ("King, Pearl of Pearls")
Portrait of Ahmad Shah Durrani, c. 1757, Bibliothèque nationale de France
Afghan emperor
Reign	July 1747 – 4 June 1772
Coronation	July 1747
Predecessor	Office established (Nader Shah as the Shah of Iran)
Successor	Timur Shah Durrani
Born	Ahmad Khan Abdali 1720–1722 Herat or Multan
Died	4 June 1772 (aged 49–52) Maruf, Durrani Empire
Burial	June 1772 Tomb of Ahmad Shah Durrani, Kandahar
Spouse	Hazrat Begum (m. 1757) Iffat-un-Nissa Begum (m. 1757)
Issue	Timur Shah Sulayman Shah 5 other sons
Dynasty	House of Durrani
Father	Zaman Khan
Mother	Zarghona Anaa
Religion	Sunni Islam

Military career
Allegiance	Afsharid Empire Durrani Empire
Branch	Persian Army Afghan Army
Years of service	1738–1772
Rank	Sipahi, Ispahsalar, Emir, Shah
Battles / wars	List Nader Shah's invasion of India Khyber Pass (1738) Karnal (1739) Delhi (1739) Ottoman–Persian War (1743–1746) Quchan (1747) Farah (1747) Qalati Ghilji (1747) Ghazni (1747) Kabul (1747) Indian campaign of Ahmad Shah Durrani Lahore (1748) Manupur (1748) Khorasan (1750—1751) Herat (1749–1750) Mashhad (1750) Nishapur (1750) Lahore (1752) Khorasan (1754–1755) Tabas (1754) Mashhad (1754) Nishapur (1755) Sack of Delhi (1757) Gokul (1757) Mastung (1758) Kalat (1758) Afghan–Maratha War Taraori (1759) Barari Ghat (1760) Sikandarabad (1760) Aligarh (1760) Samalkha (1760) Meerut (1760) Panipat III (1761) Kup (1762) Barnala (1762) Pipli Sahib (1762) Ravi (1762) Qarawal (1764) Amritsar (1764) Jalandhar Doab (1765) Rupar Ghat (1765) Sutlej (1765) Nurmahal (1765) Kapurthala (1765) Beas (1765) Bukharan war (1768)