Balto-Slavic languages

Balto-Slavic
Balto-Slavonic
Geographic
distribution
Northern Europe, Eastern Europe, Central Europe, Southeast Europe and Northern Asia
EthnicityBalts and Slavs
Native speakers
c.322 million
Linguistic classificationIndo-European
  • Balto-Slavic
Early form
Proto-languageProto-Balto-Slavic
Subdivisions
Language codes
Glottologbalt1263
Countries where the national language is:
  Eastern Baltic
  Eastern Slavic
  Southern Slavic
  Western Slavic

The Balto-Slavic languages form a branch of the Indo-European family of languages, traditionally comprising the Baltic and Slavic languages. Baltic and Slavic languages share several linguistic traits not found in any other Indo-European branch, which points to a period of common development and origin.

A Proto-Balto-Slavic language is reconstructable by the comparative method, descending from Proto-Indo-European by means of well-defined sound laws, and from which modern Slavic and Baltic languages descended. One particularly innovative dialect separated from the Balto-Slavic dialect continuum and became ancestral to the Proto-Slavic language, from which all Slavic languages descended.

While the notion of a Balto-Slavic unity was previously contested largely due to political controversies, there is now a general consensus among academic specialists in Indo-European linguistics that Baltic and Slavic languages comprise a single branch of the Indo-European language family, with only some minor details of the nature of their relationship remaining in contention.