Brain natriuretic peptide 32

NPPB
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	3N56, 1YK1
Identifiers
Aliases	NPPB, natriuretic peptide B, BNP, Iso-ANP, ventricular natriuretic peptide
External IDs	OMIM: 600295; MGI: 97368; HomoloGene: 81698; GeneCards: NPPB; OMA:NPPB - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 1 (human)
End	11,858,945 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 4 (mouse)
End	148,071,662 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	right auricle of heart; ; cardiac muscle tissue of right atrium; ; apex of heart; ; left ventricle; ; right ventricle; ; vena cava; ; nucleus accumbens; ; myocardium of left ventricle; ; putamen; ; caudate nucleus;
	Top expressed in
	cardiac muscle tissue of left ventricle; ; interventricular septum; ; atrioventricular valve; ; atrium; ; right ventricle; ; endocardial cushion; ; lumbar spinal ganglion; ; decidua; ; morula; ; embryo;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein binding; hormone activity; signaling receptor binding; diuretic hormone activity; hormone receptor binding;
Cellular component	extracellular region; extracellular space; protein-containing complex; nucleus; cytoplasm;
Biological process	blood vessel diameter maintenance; protein folding; regulation of signaling receptor activity; negative regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure; neuropeptide signaling pathway; cGMP-mediated signaling; regulation of blood pressure; negative regulation of angiogenesis; cell surface receptor signaling pathway; regulation of vascular permeability; receptor guanylyl cyclase signaling pathway; body fluid secretion; antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide; cGMP biosynthetic process; negative regulation of cell growth; positive regulation of urine volume; positive regulation of renal sodium excretion;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	4879
	18158
	ENSG00000120937
	ENSMUSG00000029019
	P16860
	P40753
	NM_002521
	NM_001287348; NM_008726
	NP_002512; NP_002512
	NP_001274277; NP_032752
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), also known as B-type natriuretic peptide, is a hormone secreted by cardiomyocytes in the heart ventricles in response to stretching caused by increased ventricular blood volume. BNP is one of the three natriuretic peptides, in addition to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP). BNP was first discovered in porcine brain tissue in 1988, which led to its initial naming as "brain natriuretic peptide", although subsequent research revealed that BNP is primarily produced and secreted by the ventricular myocardium (heart muscle) in response to increased ventricular blood volume and stretching. To reflect its true source, BNP is now often referred to as "B-type natriuretic peptide" while retaining the same acronym.

The 32-amino acid polypeptide BNP-32 is secreted attached to a 76–amino acid N-terminal fragment in the prohormone called NT-proBNP (BNPT), which is biologically inactive. Once released, BNP binds to and activates the atrial natriuretic factor receptor NPRA, and to a lesser extent NPRB, in a fashion similar to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) but with 10-fold lower affinity. The biological half-life of BNP, however, is twice as long as that of ANP, and that of NT-proBNP is even longer, making these peptides better targets than ANP for diagnostic blood testing.

The physiologic actions of BNP are similar to those of ANP and include decrease in systemic vascular resistance and central venous pressure as well as an increase in natriuresis. The net effect of these peptides is a decrease in blood pressure due to the decrease in systemic vascular resistance and, thus, afterload. Additionally, the actions of both BNP and ANP result in a decrease in cardiac output due to an overall decrease in central venous pressure and preload as a result of the reduction in blood volume that follows natriuresis and diuresis.