CYP2D6

CYP2D6
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2F9Q, 3QM4, 3TBG, 3TDA, 4WNT, 4WNU, 4WNV, 4WNW, 4XRY, 4XRZ
Identifiers
Aliases	CYP2D6, CPD6, CYP2D, CYP2D7AP, CYP2D7BP, CYP2D7P2, CYP2D8P2, CYP2DL1, CYPIID6, P450-DB1, P450C2D, P450DB1, cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6, Cytochrome P450 2D6
External IDs	OMIM: 124030; MGI: 1929474; HomoloGene: 133550; GeneCards: CYP2D6; OMA:CYP2D6 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 22 (human)
End	42,130,865 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 15 (mouse)
End	82,264,461 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	right lobe of liver; ; duodenum; ; sural nerve; ; right hemisphere of cerebellum; ; right uterine tube; ; pituitary gland; ; right lobe of thyroid gland; ; left lobe of thyroid gland; ; nucleus accumbens; ; anterior pituitary;
	Top expressed in
	left lobe of liver; ; extraocular muscle; ; cerebellar cortex; ; sciatic nerve; ; lumbar subsegment of spinal cord; ; superior frontal gyrus; ; primary visual cortex; ; vestibular membrane of cochlear duct; ; neural layer of retina; ; muscle of thigh;
	More reference expression data
	; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	iron ion binding; metal ion binding; heme binding; oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen; oxidoreductase activity; aromatase activity; oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen; steroid hydroxylase activity; monooxygenase activity;
Cellular component	organelle membrane; endoplasmic reticulum membrane; membrane; intracellular membrane-bounded organelle; endoplasmic reticulum; mitochondrion; cytoplasm;
Biological process	steroid metabolic process; alkaloid metabolic process; coumarin metabolic process; lipid metabolism; isoquinoline alkaloid metabolic process; alkaloid catabolic process; oxidative demethylation; heterocycle metabolic process; negative regulation of binding; monoterpenoid metabolic process; xenobiotic metabolic process; arachidonic acid metabolic process; negative regulation of cellular organofluorine metabolic process; long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process; organic acid metabolic process;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	1565
	56448
ENSG00000100197; ENSG00000275211; ENSG00000280905; ENSG00000282966; ENSG00000283284;
	ENSG00000272532
	ENSMUSG00000061740
	P10635
	Q9JKY7
	NM_000106; NM_001025161
	NM_001163472; NM_019823
	NP_000097; NP_001020332
	NP_001156944; NP_062797
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP2D6 gene. CYP2D6 is primarily expressed in the liver. It is also highly expressed in areas of the central nervous system, including the substantia nigra.

CYP2D6, a member of the cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidase system, is one of the most important enzymes involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics in the body. In particular, CYP2D6 is responsible for the metabolism and elimination of approximately 25% of clinically used drugs, via the addition or removal of certain functional groups – specifically, hydroxylation, demethylation, and dealkylation. CYP2D6 also activates some prodrugs. This enzyme also metabolizes several endogenous substances, such as N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, hydroxytryptamines, neurosteroids, and both m-tyramine and p-tyramine which CYP2D6 metabolizes into dopamine in the brain and liver.

Considerable variation exists in the efficiency and amount of CYP2D6 enzyme produced between individuals. Hence, for drugs that are metabolized by CYP2D6 (that is, are CYP2D6 substrates), certain individuals will eliminate these drugs quickly (ultrarapid metabolizers) while others slowly (poor metabolizers). If a drug is metabolized too quickly, it may decrease the drug's efficacy while if the drug is metabolized too slowly, toxicity may result. So, the dose of the drug may have to be adjusted to take into account of the speed at which it is metabolized by CYP2D6. Individuals who exhibit an ultrarapid metabolizer phenotype, metabolize prodrugs, such as codeine or tramadol, more rapidly, leading to higher than therapeutic levels. A case study of the death of an infant breastfed by an ultrarapid metabolizer mother taking codeine impacted postnatal pain relief clinical practices, but was later debunked. These drugs may also cause serious toxicity in ultrarapid metabolizer patients when used to treat other post-operative pain, such as after tonsillectomy. Other drugs may function as inhibitors of CYP2D6 activity or inducers of CYP2D6 enzyme expression that will lead to decreased or increased CYP2D6 activity respectively. If such a drug is taken at the same time as a second drug that is a CYP2D6 substrate, the first drug may affect the elimination rate of the second through what is known as a drug-drug interaction.