Coptic nationalism

Coptic nationalism refers to the cultural and political expression of the Copts, a Christian religious minority in Egypt. Rather than advocating for an independent nation-state, Coptic nationalism emphasizes equal citizenship and representation within the Egyptian state. Copts are geographically dispersed across Egypt, with the highest concentrations in Cairo, Alexandria, and Upper Egypt. Most belong to the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, and estimates place the Coptic population at 10–15% of Egypt's 104 million citizens.

Copts and Muslims in Egypt have coexisted for centuries, sharing a common national culture and history. However, following the 1960s, intercommunal tensions grew, particularly under the administrations of Nasser, Sadat, and Mubarak, during which Copts reported increased political and social marginalization. As a result, Copts have sought greater political representation and protection. Some migrated abroad, particularly to the United States, while others have remained politically active within Egypt despite ongoing challenges.

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